Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 2022 Mar 31;394:114887. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2022.114887

Fig. 14. 3D–0D model of the heart.

Fig. 14

Comparison of approaches and influence of the bulk modulus κ using default material parameters from Table 3. (a) Converged left-ventricular PV loops. While the choice of κ has a high influence on the outcome when using P1–P0 elements it is negligible when using the proposed stabilized elements. Note that PV loops for P1–P0-WAS and P1–P0-AS coincide and are thus only given once. The same applies for projection-stabilized and MINI elements. (c) Change in tissue volume over the last two beats. As expected, higher values of κ lead to less myocardial volume change. The choice of 1/κ = 0 for projection-stabilized and MINI elements renders the material incompressible and the myocardial volume does not deviate from its initial value.