. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2022 May 1;56(5):384–392. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001676

Table 1. Details and characteristics of included studies.

Details and characteristics of the thirteen studies included. The cross-sectional (n=12) and case-control (n=1) studies were published between 2012-2020. When combining all included studies, there were a total of 812 participants (91% women, 9% men); the mean number of participants per study was 68 (range 27-163) with a. mean age of 41 years (SD 16.2).

PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; BMD: bone mineral density; PCOM: polycystic ovarian morphology.

Study	Year	Design	n^*	Population characteristics (age, yrs)
Chu et al.⁽³³⁾	2020	Cross-sectional	28	Reproductive-aged women with PCOS (Mean 28.14; SD 3.72) (n=14) Reproductive-aged women without PCOS (controls) (Mean 29.43; SD 3.31) (n=14)
Flores et al. ⁽²³⁾	2012	Cross-sectional	51	Healthy men (Mean 38.8; SD 12.27) (n=25) Healthy women (Mean 40.2; SD 12.4) (n=26; premenopausal n=19; postmenopausal n=7)
Fuhrman et al. ⁽²⁴⁾	2014	Cross-sectional	60	Healthy postmenopausal women (Mean 60.3; SD 3.2) (n=60)
Goedert et al. ⁽²¹⁾	2015	Casecontrol	96	Postmenopausal breast cancer patients (Mean 62.17; SD 6.5) (n=48) Postmenopausal normal mammography patients (Mean 61.85; SD 3.6) (n=48)
Goedert et al. ⁽²²⁾	2018	Cross-sectional	96	Postmenopausal breast cancer patients (Mean 62.17; SD 6.5) (n=48) Postmenopausal normal mammography patients (Mean 61.85; SD 3.6) (n=48)
He et al.⁽²⁶⁾	2020	Cross-sectional	106	Postmenopausal women with osteopenia (Mean 57.42; SD 5.06)(n=33) Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (mean 59.69; SD 5.51) (n=42) Postmenopausal women with normal BMD (mean 57.35; SD 3.98) (n=31)
Insenser et al. ⁽³⁰⁾	2018	Cross-sectional	46	Women with PCOS (Mean 26.7; SD 6.4) (n=15) Non-hyperandrogenic control women (Mean 27.3; SD 5.3) (n=16) Healthy control men (Mean 23.4; SD 3.3) (n=15)
Liang et al. ⁽²⁹⁾	2020	Cross-sectional	27	Obese women with PCOS (Mean 27.1; SD 3.5)(n=8) Normal-weight PCOS women (Mean 25.7; SD 3.5)(n=10) Healthy normal-weight women (Mean 27.9; SD 3.6) (n=9)
Liu et al.⁽²⁷⁾	2017	Cross-sectional	48	Premenopausal women with PCOS (Mean 32.5; SD 5.7) (n=33) Premenopausal women without PCOS (Mean 27.9; SD 5.7) (controls) (n=15)
Shin et al. ⁽²⁵⁾	2019	Cross-sectional	57	Men (Mean 37.45; SD 1.91) (n=31) Women (Mean 46.15; SD 2.26) (n=26)
Torres et al. ⁽³¹⁾	2018	Cross-sectional	163	Healthy premenopausal women (Mean 29.4; SD 4.9) (n=48) Premenopausal women with PCOM (Mean 29.8; SD 5.3) (n=42) Premenopausal women with PCOS (Mean 27.4; SD 4.9) (n=73)
Zengul et al. ⁽³²⁾	2020	Cross-sectional	29	Postmenopausal women with breast cancer (Mean 62.3; SD 8.5) (n=29)
Zhou et al. ⁽²⁸⁾	2020	Cross-sectional	101	Women with PCOS (Mean 23.6; SD 2.96)(n=60) Healthy women (control group) (Mean 26.5; SD 3.99) (n=41)

n= Total number of participants.