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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2022 Feb 1;21(4):261–282. doi: 10.1038/s41573-021-00387-y

Figure Box 1. Mutation classes and neoantigen and neoepitopes derived thereof.

Figure Box 1

SNVs change a single amino acid. INDELs and fusion genes may be in-frame and preserve the original open reading frame or they may cause a frameshift, creating novel open reading frames downstream of the mutation site. Alternative splicing may occur by various mechanisms including the usage of alternative splice sites, skipping of exons or intron retention events. All of these classes may generate neoepitope sequences that are foreign to the immune system. Novel sequence regions derived from mutations are indicated in red.