Table 1. Study characteristics.
| Study ID | Country | Multicentre | Recruitment Dates | Type of Study | Setting | Participants included in modelling | Outcome | Predictor Categories | No. of Models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% male) | Age (mean) | Ethnicity | DUP (mean weeks) | FEP Definition | Definition | Timing | ||||||||
| AJNAKINA 2020 | UK | No | Dec 2005 to Oct 2010 | Cohort | In-patients & out-patients | 67.5% | 27.2 (at baseline) | 39.9% white, 60.1% black | 34.3 | Non-affective | Early treatment resistance from illness onset Later treatment resistance |
f/u for 5 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 4 |
| BHATTACHARYYA 2021 | UK | No | Sample 1 - 1st Apr 2006 to 31st Mar 2012 Sample 2 - 12th Apr 2002 to 26th Jul 2013 |
Sample 1 - Case Registry Sample 2 - Cohort |
Sample 1 - out-patients Sample 2 - out-patients |
Sample 1 - 63.9% Sample 2 - 60% |
Sample 1 - 24.4 (at onset) Sample 2 - 28.1 (at onset) |
Sample 1 - 31.1% white, 50.6% black Sample 2 - 34.2% white, 54.2% black |
N.R. |
Sample 1 - Non-affective & affective Sample 2 - Non-affective & affective |
Psychiatric rehospitalisation | f/u for 2 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 3 |
| CHUA 2019 | Singapore | No | 2001 to 2012 | Cohort | N.R. | 49.2% | 27.5 (at baseline) | 76.7% Chinese | 65.4 | Non-affective | EET status | At 2 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 2 |
| DEMJAHA 2017 | UK | Yes | Sep 1997 to Aug 1999 | Cohort | N.R. | 58.4% | 28.9 (at onset) | 48.2% white, 39.8% black | N.R. | Non-affective & affective | Early treatment resistance from illness onset | f/u for 10 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| DENIJS 2019 | Netherlands & Belgium | Yes | 8th Jan 2004 to 6th Feb 2008 | Cohort | In-patients & out-patients | 76.9% | 27.6 (at baseline) | 85.9% white | N.R. | Non-affective | Andreasen symptom remission (6 months duration) GAF ≥65 | At 3 years & at 6 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical, Genetic, Environmental | 8 |
| DERKS 2010 | Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden & Switzerland | Yes | 23rd Dec 2002 to 14th Jan 2006 | Randomised Controlled Trial | N.R. | 56.5% | 26.0 (at baseline) | N.R. | N.R. | Non-affective | Andreasen symptom remission (6 months duration) | f/u for 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| FLYCKT 2006 | Sweden | Yes | 1st Jan 1996 to 31st Dec 1997 | Cohort | N.R. | 52.9% | 28.8 (at baseline) | N.R. | 62.4 | Non-affective & affective (with mood- incongruent delusions) | Global functioning (independent living, EET status & GAF ≥60) | At mean of 5.4 years | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| GONZALEZ-BLANCH 2010 | Spain | No | Feb 2001 to Feb 2005 | Cohort | N.R. | 62% | 26.6 (at baseline) | N.R. | 66.6 | Non-affective | Global functioning (EET status & DAS ≤1) | At 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| KOUTSOULERIS 2016 | Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden & Switzerland | Yes | 23rd Dec 2002 to 14th Jan 2006 | Randomised Controlled Trial | N.R. | 56% | 26.1 (at baseline) | N.R. | N.R. | Non-affective | GAF ≥65 | At 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| LEIGHTON 2019 (1) | UK | Yes | Dev. - 2011 to 2014 Val. - 1st Sep 2006 to 31st Aug 2009 |
Dev. – Cohort Val. - Cohort |
Dev. - Inpatients & out-patients Val. - Inpatients & out-patients |
Dev. - 66% Val. - 68% |
Dev. - 25.2 (at baseline) Val. - 24.6 (at baseline) |
Dev. - 81% white Val. - 96% white |
N.R. | Dev. - Non-affective & affective Val. - Non-affective & affective |
EET Status Andreasen symptom remission (no duration criteria) Andreasen symptom remission (6 months duration) |
At 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 3 |
| LEIGHTON 2019 (2) | UK & Denmark | Yes | Dev. - Aug 2005 to Apr 2009 Val. UK - 1st Sep 2006 to 31st Aug 2009 & 2011 to 2014 Val Denmark - Jan 1998 to Dec 2000 |
Dev. - Cohort Val. UK - 2 Cohort studies Val. Denmark Randomised Controlled Trial |
Dev. - N.R. Val. UK - In-patients & out-patients Val. Denmark - In-patients & out-patients |
Dev. - 69% Val. UK - 67% Val. Denmark - 59% |
Dev. - 21.3 (at baseline) Val. UK - 24.9 (at baseline) Val. Denmark - 26.6 (at baseline) |
Dev. - 73% white Val. UK - 88% white Val. Denmark - 94% white |
Dev. - 44 Val. UK - 44.4 Val. Denmark - 106 |
Dev. - Non-affective, affective & drug induced Val. UK - Non-affective & affective Val. Denmark - Non-affective |
EET Status GAF ≥65 Andreasen Symptom Remission (6 months duration) Quality of Life | At 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 4 |
| LEIGHTON 2021 | UK | Yes | Dev. - Aug 2005 to Apr 2009 Val. - Apr 2006 to Feb 2009 |
Dev – Cohort Val - Cohort |
N.R. | Dev. - 68.8% Val. - 61.8% |
Dev - 22.6 (at baseline) Val. - 25.0 (at baseline) |
N.R. | Dev. - 41.3 Val. - 48.9 |
Dev. - Non-affective, affective & drug induced Val. - Non-affective, affective & drug induced |
Andreasen Symptom Remission (6 months duration) | At 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
| PUNTIS 2021 | UK | Yes | Dev. - 1st Jan 2011 to 8th Oct 2019 Val. - 31st Jan 2006 to 18th Jun 2019 |
Dev. - Case Registry Val. - Case Registry |
Dev. - out-patients Val. - out-patients |
Dev. - 63% Val. - 63% |
Dev. - 25.6 (at baseline) Val. - 26.7 (at baseline) |
Dev. - 74.8% white Val. - 35.4% white |
N.R. | N.R. | Psychiatric hospitalisation after discharge from early intervention | f/u for 1 year | Socio-demographic, Clinical | 1 |
FEP – first episode psychosis; N.R. – not reported; DUP – duration of untreated psychosis; Dev. – development sample; Val. – validation sample; EET – employment, education or training; f/u – follow-up; GAF – Global Assessment of Functioning; DAS – Disability Assessment Schedule