Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: J Environ Manage. 2019 Nov 12;254:109792. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109792

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

(a) Temporal development of wind and bark beetle disturbance in Norway spruce stands simulated by iLand in the absence of sanitation logging. Shown is the average over five wind scenarios and an ensemble of climate change scenarios. Columns indicating the wind impact under reference climate and climate change are displayed in different years for presentation purposes. (b) Cumulative timber volume disturbed over the 54-year simulation period under different climate conditions is shown.