Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 27;179(14):3651–3674. doi: 10.1111/bph.15811

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Ligand, system and observational bias. Ligand and system bias together determine the functional selectivity (see terminology subsection for definitions). Each type of bias is measured relative to a reference. Observational bias is not of biological origin, but a consequence of assay sensitivity/non‐linearity and the experimental set‐up