FIGURE 3.

Recommendations to describe the measured pathway process and molecules. (a) Terms to describe the measured pathway process. Also see reviews describing the translation across these levels (Luttrell, Maudsley, & Gesty‐Palmer, 2018), assays (Smith, Lefkowitz, & Rajagopal, 2018) and animal models (Bradley & Tobin, 2016). (b) Data from (Klein Herenbrink et al., 2016) show the relative bias of dopamine D₂ receptor agonists for five pathways (all with dopamine as the reference ligand). The relative order of the ligands changes depending on the measured molecules, even across those participating in the same pathway. This emphasizes that bias should be measured at similar pathway depths (comparably proximal/distal to the receptor), each of which should be defined with respect to the measured entities