Table 3. Difference in IL-6 concentrations between with tuberculosis patients with and without unfavorable treatment outcomes after adjusting for markers of disease severity in the South African external validation cohort.

Treatment outcomes	Log10 difference in baseline cytokine levels comparing participants with unfavorable treatment outcomes to cures
	Unadjusted difference (95%CI)	p-value	Adjusted difference (95%CI)	p-value
All participants
Composite	0.33 (0.06 to 0.60)	0.01	0.38 (0.13 to 0.63)	0.003
Failure	0.41 (0.05 to 0.76)	0.02	0.49 (0.15 to 0.82)	0.004
Recurrence	0.10 (-0.43 to 0.64)	0.70	-0.08 (-0.60 to 0.42)	0.73
Death	0.38 (-0.01 to 0.86)	0.10	0.50 (0.06 to 0.94)	0.02
HIV coinfected only
Composite	0.22 (-0.10 to 0.55)	0.15	0.29 (-0.01 to 0.60)	0.06
Failure	0.39 (-0.04 to 0.83)	0.06	0.46 (0.01 to 0.90)	0.04
Recurrence	-0.64 (-1.39 to 0.10)	0.10	-0.56 (-1.23 to 0.12)	0.10
Death	0.36 (-0.12 to 0.85)	0.13	0.48 (0.05 to 0.92)	0.03

Adjusted analyses account for age, sex, BMI, cavitation on chest X-ray, smear grade and HIV. HIV-restricted analyses are further adjusted for CD4 cell count and ART receipt. CI – confidence interval.