Table 2. Thematic areas showing interlinked factors between drought and ART (non-)adherence.
| n (%) studies | |
|---|---|
| Livelihoods and economic conditions (total studies=76) | |
| Catastrophic treatment costs | 2 (3%) |
| Drought impact mitigation | 23 (30%) |
| Food insecurity | 22 (29%) |
| Poor ART knowledge | 4 (5%) |
| Intervention programmes | 2 (3%) |
| Loss of production | 20 (26%) |
| Low water quality and quantity | 5 (7%) |
| Missing education | 4 (5%) |
| Poor individual and national economic conditions | 5 (7%) |
| Reduced livelihood diversification | 2 (3%) |
| Selling off assets and borrowing | 6 (8%) |
| Technology | 1 (1%) |
| Unemployment | 15 (20%) |
| Social support and psychobehavioural disposition (37) | |
| Age | 4 (11%) |
| Alcohol and substance abuse | 6 (16%) |
| Fertility choice | 6 (16%) |
| Inadequate counselling or support groups | 6 (16%) |
| Depression and mental ill-health | 5 (14%) |
| Forgetfulness | 3 (8%) |
| Gender | 4 (11%) |
| Lack of CHWs and LHWs | 1 (3%) |
| Less equitable gender norms | 2 (5%) |
| Marital status | 2 (5%) |
| Non-disclosure | 7 (19%) |
| Risky sexual behaviour | 2 (5%) |
| Stigma | 6 (16%) |
| Traditional belief and treatment | 2 (5%) |
| Violence | 8 (22%) |
| Comorbidities and ART regimens (27) | |
| Medication side-effects | 11 (41%) |
| Nurses’ and officials’ behaviour | 4 (15%) |
| Drought-related diseases | 2 (7%) |
| Comorbid conditions | 16 (59%) |
| Stock-out | 2 (7%) |
| Time on ART or fatigue | 4 (15%) |
| Human mobility (17) | |
| Migration and displacement | 14 (82%) |
| Seeking off-farm employment | 2 (12%) |
| Travel away from home but not migration | 3 (18%) |
The numbers shown in the bold row headings do not represent the cumulative numbers from individual factors, but the unique studies linked to each factor. ART=antiretroviral therapy. CHWs=community health workers. LHWs=lay health workers.