Table 1. Sample characteristics, participants with complete exposure data (n=13,388).

	Total n(%)	Binge eating at least once a week
		No N(%)	Yes N(%)	p-value
	13,388	11,340 (84.7%)	2,048 (15.3%)
Sex
Male	6,047 (45.2%)	5,279 (87.3%)	768 (12.7%)
Female	7,341 (54.8%)	6,061 (82.6%)	1,280 (17.4%)	<0.0001
Ethnicity
Black	2,159 (16.1%)	1,778 (82.3%)	381 (17.7%)
Pardo	3,754 (28.1%)	3.165 (84.3%)	589 (15.7%)
White	6,992 (52.2%)	5,981 (85.5%)	1,011 (14.5%)
Asian or indigenous	483 (3.6%)	416 (86.1%)	67 (13.9%)	0.003
Highest education
No schooling	722 (5.4%)	601 (83.2%)	121 (16.8%)
Elementary school	878 (6.6%)	741 (84.4%)	137 (15.6%)
Secondary school	4,694 (35.0%)	3,870 (82.4%)	824 (17.6%)
University degree	7,094 (53.0%)	6,128 (86.4%)	966 (13.6%)	<0.0001
Marital status
Married	576,602 (49.3%)	5,678 (86.0%)	924 (14.0%)
Partner	2,296 (17.2%)	1,944 (84.7%)	352 (15.3%)
Separated/divorced	2,591 (19.4%)	2,145 (82.8%)	446 (17.2%)
Single	1,367 (10.2%)	1,139 (83.3%)	228 (16.7%)
Widowed	532 (3.9%)	434 (81.6%)	98 (18.4%)	<0.0001
Social Class
Manual-routine	2,171 (16.2%)	1,811 (83.4%)	360 (16.6%)
Manual non-routine	169 (1.3%)	148 (87.4%)	21 (12.6%)
Non-manual routine	3,885 (29.0%)	3,199 (82.3%)	686 (17.7%)
Non-manual non-routine	7,163 (53.5%)	6,182 (86.3%)	981 (13.7%)	<0.0001
Smoker
Never smoker	7,740 (57.8%)	6,599 (82.3%)	1,141 (14.7%)
Past smoker	3,966 (29.6%)	3,317 (83.6%)	649 (16.4%)
Current smoker	1,680 (12.6%)	1,424 (84.7%)	258 (15.3%)	0.07
Alcohol use
Never drank	1,412 (10.6%)	1,176 (83.3%)	236 (16.7%)
Past drinker	2,640 (19.7%)	2,158 (81.7%)	482 (18.3%)
Current drinker	9,336 (69.7%)	8,006 (85.8%)	1,330 (14.3%)	<0.0001
Metabolic syndrome baseline
No	9,794 (73.2%)	8,450 (86.3%)	1,344 (13.7%)
Yes	3,594 (26.8%)	2,890 (80.4%)	704 (19.6%)	<0.0001
Hypertension baseline
No	8,487 (63.4%)	7,235 (85.3%)	1,252 (14.7%)
Yes	4,901 (36.6%)	4,105 (83.7%)	796 (16.3%)	0.02
Hypertriglyceridemia baseline
No	9,820 (73.4%)	8,429 (85.8%)	1,391 (14.2%)
Yes	3,568 (26.7%)	2,911 (81.6%)	675 (18.4%)	<0.0001
High fasting glucose baseline
No	11,305 (84.4%)	9,655 (85.4%)	1,650 (14.6%)
Yes	2,083 (15.6%)	1,685 (80.9%)	398 (19.1%)	<0.0001
Low HDL cholesterol baseline
No	9,873 (73.7%)	8,493 (86.0%)	1,380 (14.0%)
Yes	3,515 (26.3%)	2,847 (81.0%)	668 (19.0%)	<0.0001
High waste circumference baseline
No	4,143 (31.0%)	3,834 (92.5%)	309 (7.5%)
Yes	9,245 (69.0%)	7,506 (81.2%)	1,739 (18.8%)	<0.0001
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Number of metabolic syndrome constituent components at baseline	1.7 (1.3)	1.7 (1.3)	2.1 (1.2)	<0.0001
Age	51.8 (9.0)	52.0 (9.0)	50.3 (9.4)	<0.0001
Body Mass Index	26.9 (4.7)	26.6 (4.5)	29.3 (4.9)	<0.0001
CIS-R-total score	8.2 (8.0)	7.6 (7.5)	11.7 (9.4)	<0.0001

List of abbreviations: CIS-R = Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised, SD = standard deviation