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. 2022 Jun 20;14(8):905–913. doi: 10.1038/s41557-022-00972-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Key steps in translation initiation. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E binds directly to the 5′ cap. The heterotrimeric eIF4F complex assembles on the 5′ cap, leading to binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit, assembly of the eukaryotic 80S ribosome and translation initiation. b, Eukaryotic mRNA featuring the cap 0 structure with a recognition site for eIF4E, the site used for chemical modification in this study and the first transcribed nucleotide. c, Structure of eIF4E, highlighting molecular interactions for cap 0 recognition. d, The concept of FlashCaps for light-induced translation. A single photo-cleavable group (red triangle) at the cap 0 impairs binding to eIF4E. FlashCaps are compatible with routine protocols for transcription and transfection. Following light-induced deprotection, the native mRNA with a 5′ cap 0 is released and translated. UTR, untranslated region; PABP, poly(A) binding protein; ORF, open reading frame.