Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Hum Behav. 2022 May 19;6(8):1126–1141. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01346-2

Figure 5. Explicit knowledge increases model-based control in OCD.

Figure 5

Effects of debriefing in 41 individuals with OCD (panels a-e), and 37 individuals with mood and anxiety disorders (panels f-j), who were model-free at session 3 as assessed by likelihood ratio test. (a, f) Per-subject likelihood ratio test for use of model-based strategy at session 3 (left panel) and session 4 (right panel), as figure 4a. (b, g) Stay probability analysis, as figure 4b. (c, h) Logistic regression analysis of stay probabilities, as figure 4c. In the OCD group, debriefing increased the influence of both the transition (null 95% CI [-0.35,0.37], coefficient change=0.56, P<0.001, permutation test) and transition-outcome interaction (null 95% CI [-0.50,0.51], parameter change=0.88, P<0.001). In the group with mood and anxiety disorders, debriefing increased the influence of both transition (null 95% CI [-0.40,0.41], coefficient change=0.64, P<0.001, permutation tests) and transition-outcome interaction (null 95% CI [-0.57,0.59], coefficient change=1.20, P<0.001). (d, i) Second-step reaction times following common and rare transitions. In both the group with OCD and those with mood and anxiety disorders, debriefing increased differences in second-step reaction times between common and rare transition trials (session-transition interaction, OCD group F1,40=30.8, P<0.0001, ηp2=0.43, mood and anxiety group F1,36=26.2, P<0.0001, ηp2=0.42, repeated measures ANOVA (e, j) Comparison of mixture model fits, as figure 4e. In the OCD group, following debriefing the influence of model-based action values on choice increased (null 95% CI [-0.63,0.64], parameter change=1.22, P<0.001), the eligibility parameter decreased (null 95% CI [-0.19,0.19], parameter change=-0.24, P=0.017), the transition learning rate decreased (null 95% CI [-0.21, 0.21], parameter change=-0.24, P=0.019) and the perseveration parameter increased (null 95% CI [-0.67,0.66], parameter change=0.77, P=0.023). In the individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, following debriefing the influence of model-based action values on choice increased (null 95% CI [-0.81,0.81], parameter change=1.63, P<0.001), the influence of model-free action values decreased (null 95% CI [-0.69,0.71], parameter change=-0.82, P=0.019), the value learning rate increased (null 95% CI [-0.17,0.18], parameter change=0.21, P=0.015), the eligibility parameter decreased (null 95% CI [-0.15,0.15], parameter change=-0.15, P=0.043), the transition learning rate decreased (null 95% CI [-0.34,0.33], parameter change=-0.38, P=0.024).