Table 2.
Risk of new-onset DM by carotid-femoral CF-PWV in the FHS
| Unadjusted | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | Model 4§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sHR (95% CI, P-value) | sHR (95% CI, P-value) | sHR (95% CI, P-value) | sHR (95% CI, P-value) | sHR (95% CI, P-value) | |
| CF-PWV | 1.56 (1.35–1.80, P=1.1×10−9) | 1.78 (1.41–2.23, P=7.4×10−7) | 1.56 (1.19–2.03, P=0.001) | 1.47 (1.12–1.93, P=0.006) | 1.36 (1.03–1.76, P=0.030) |
| Brachial pulse pressure | 1.24 (1.12–1.38, P=3.7×10−5) | 1.28 (1.11–1.47, P=0.001) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39, P=0.082) | 1.15 (0.97–1.38, P=0.108) | 1.18 (0.98–1.41, P=0.075) |
| Central pulse pressure | 1.31 (1.22–1.41, P=1.6×10−13) | 1.37 (1.19–1.57, P=1.3×10−5) | 1.31 (1.12–1.52, P=0.001) | 1.28 (1.10–1.50, P=0.001) | 1.26 (1.08–1.48, P=0.004) |
Abbreviations: CF-PWV = carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CI = confidence interval; FHS = Framingham Heart Study; sHR = standardized hazard ratio (calculated using Cox regression, determined for each standard deviation increase in CF-PWV)
*
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, and BMI
†
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + MAP + HR
‡
Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2 + eGFR
§
Model 4: Adjusted for Model 3 + smoking + total cholesterol + high density lipoprotein + thiazide diuretic + beta-blocker + total antihypertensive medications + c-reactive protein + family history of DM