. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 6.

Published in final edited form as: Trop Med Int Health. 2020 Jul 18;25(9):1044–1054. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13460

Table 2. Multilevel model results predicting the use of SBA using travel time to the nearest health facility, nearest health facility providing birthing services and the nearest hospital.

Effects		Travel to the nearest health facility	Travel to nearest health facility providing birthing services	Travel to the nearest hospital providing birthing service
Fixed effects		Odds ratio (95% CI)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Personal level factors
Education	No formal education	1	1	1
	Primary	1.63 (1.42, 1.87) ^***	1.63 (1.42, 1.87) ^***	1.63 (1.42, 1.87) ^***
	Secondary	2.78 (2.15, 3.59) ^***	2.78 (2.15, 3.6) ^***	2.78 (2.15, 3.59) ^***
	Tertiary	11.79 (5.32, 26.16) ^***	11.79 (5.31, 26.15) ^***	11.8 (5.32, 26.17) ^***
Health Insurance	No	1	1	1
	Yes	1.69 (1.43, 1.99) ^***	1.69 (1.43, 1.99) ^***	1.69 (1.43, 1.99) ^***
ANC	1–3	1	1
	4 or more	2.9 (2.44, 3.44) ^***	2.9 (2.44, 3.44) ^***	2.9 (2.44, 3.44) ^***
Parity	1–2	1	1	1
	3–4	0.77 (0.67, 0.88) ^***	0.77 (0.67, 0.88) ^***	0.77 (0.67, 0.88) ^***
	5 or more	0.6 (0.52, 0.69) ^***	0.6 (0.52, 0.69) ^***	0.6 (0.52, 0.69) ^***
Wealth	Poor	1	1	1
	Middle	1.61 (1.35, 1.93) ^***	1.61 (1.35, 1.93) ^***	1.61 (1.35, 1.93) ^***
	Rich	2.86 (2.29, 3.58) ^***	2.86 (2.29, 3.57) ^***	2.88 (2.31, 3.59) ^***
Cluster-level factors
Location	Rural	1	1	1
	Urban	2.06 (1.67, 2.53) ^***	2.05 (1.66, 2.52) ^***	2.06 (1.67, 2.54) ^***
Highest EmONC facility near a cluster	No EmONC data	1	1	1
	Non-EmONC	1.38 (1.05, 1.82) ^*	1.38 (1.05, 1.81) ^*	1.4 (1.07, 1.85) ^*
	Partial/Basic	2.02 (1.53, 2.66) ^***	2.01 (1.52, 2.65) ^***	2.05 (1.55, 2.72) ^***
	Comprehensive	2.28 (1.68, 3.09) ^***	2.28 (1.68, 3.08) ^***	2.31 (1.7, 3.14) ^***
Travel time (hours)	Travel time (hours)	0.87 (0.69, 1.11)	0.85 (0.67, 1.08)	1 (0.87, 1.16)

Effect is significant at ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05.