Table 1. Literature search: databases, dates of final search, and search terms.

Database	Date of Final Search	Search Terms
PubMed	22/02/2020	(systematic review OR review OR meta-analysis) AND (“performance based financing” OR pbf OR “pay for performance” OR p4p OR “performance based payments” OR “performance based incentives” OR “results based financing” Or RBF OR “paying for results” OR “paying for performance” OR “value based purchasing”) AND (“developing countries” OR “low- and middle-income countries” OR “low income countries” OR africa)
Scopus	22/02/2020	(TITLE-ABS-KEY (“systematic review”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (review) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (meta-analysis) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“performance-based financing”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“pay for performance”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“performance based payments”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“performance based incentives”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“results based financing”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“paying for results”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“paying for performance”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (value AND based AND purchasing) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“developing countries”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“low- and middle-income countries”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (“low income countries”) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (africa) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “re”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE “English”))
EconLit	22/02/2020	(systematic review OR review OR meta-analysis) AND (“performance based financing” OR pbf OR “pay for performance” OR p4p OR “performance based payments” OR “performance based incentives” OR “results based financing” OR RBF OR “paying for results” OR “paying for performance” OR “value based purchasing”) AND (“developing countries” OR “low- and middle-income countries” OR “low income countries” OR africa)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	22/02/2020	(“performance-based financing” OR “pay-for-performance” OR “performance-based payments” OR “performance-based incentives” OR “paying-for-results” OR “results-based financing”)