Table 2. Estimates of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection hospital admissions in children younger than 5 years by World Bank income regions and development status, 2019.
| Low income | Lower-middle income | Upper-middle income | High income | Developing countries | Industrialised countries | Global* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection hospital admission | |||||||
| 0–3 months | |||||||
| Studies | 6 | 11 | 16 | 19 | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| Hospital admission rate | 10·6 (3·3–33·5) | 31·0 (17·0–56·4) | 26·4 (12·8–54·5) | 34·7 (21·5–56·2) | 23·5 (15·2–36·3) | 36·9 (20·9–65·0) | 24·7 (17·5–37·1) |
| Number of episodes | 64 000 (20 000–204 000) | 485 000 (267 000–884 000) | 236 000 (114 000–486 000) | 116 000 (72 000–188 000) | 721 000 (466 000–1 115 000) | 122 000 (69 000–215 000) | 841 000 (597 000–1 261 000) |
| 3–6 months | |||||||
| Studies | 6 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 38 | 18 | 56 |
| Hospital admission rate | 6·0 (0·9–39·9) | 19·2 (11·5–32·1) | 20·6 (11·8–36·0) | 20·7 (13·5–31·6) | 16·7 (11·2–24·9) | 20·6 (12·4–34·1) | 17·0 (12·4–24·9) |
| Number of episodes | 36 000 (5000–242 000) | 301 000 (180 000–503 000) | 184 000 (106 000–321 000) | 69 000 (45 000–106 000) | 513 000 (345 000–765 000) | 68 000 (41 000–113 000) | 579 000 (422 000–846 000) |
| 0–6 months† | |||||||
| Studies | 10 | 12 | 16 | 27 | 41 | 24 | 65 |
| Hospital admission rate | 7·9 (2·8–21·9) | 27·9 (16·7–46·6) | 24·3 (13·2–44·7) | 28·4 (20·2–40·0) | 19·3 (13·1–28·6) | 29·3 (20·0–42·8) | 20·2 (14·9–29·1) |
| Number of episodes | 96 000 (34 000–266 000) | 873 000 (523 000–1 460 000) | 434 000 (236 000–798 000) | 190 000 (135 000–267 000) | 1 188 000 (802 000–1 759 000) | 194 000 (133 000–283 000) | 1 376 000 (1 017 000–1 982 000) |
| 6–12 months | |||||||
| Studies | 10 | 13 | 15 | 27 | 41 | 24 | 65 |
| Hospital admission rate | 5·7 (2·6–12·3) | 12·1 (6·5–22·8) | 12·1 (6·6–22·1) | 11·2 (7·5–16·7) | 10·0 (6·9–14·4) | 11·1 (7·1–17·4) | 10·0 (7·4–14·3) |
| Number of episodes | 69 000 (32 000–150 000) | 381 000 (203 000–715 000) | 215 000 (117 000–394 000) | 75 000 (50 000–112 000) | 612 000 (422 000–886 000) | 74 000 (47 000–116 000) | 683 000 (507 000–973 000) |
| 0–12 months† | |||||||
| Studies | 13 | 20 | 15 | 41 | 51 | 38 | 89 |
| Incidence rate | 9·6 (5·0–18·7) | 17·5 (11·5–26·5) | 18·7 (10·2–34·5) | 22·0 (17·1–28·4) | 15·3 (11·3–20·8) | 22·5 (17·1–29·5) | 15·9 (12·6–21·2) |
| Number of episodes | 234 000 (120 000–455 000) | 1 095 000 (722 000–1 661 000) | 669 000 (363 000–1 232 000) | 294 000 (228 000–380 000) | 1 881 000 (1 386 000–2 552 000) | 298 000 (227 000–391 000) | 2 170 000 (1 713 000–2 882 000) |
| 12–60 months | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 12 | 8 | 17 | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| Hospital admission rate | 1·6 (0·5–4·6) | 1·6 (1·0–2·7) | 1·5 (0·8–2·8) | 1·6 (1·2–2·1) | 1·5 (1·0–2·3) | 1·7 (1·3–2·3) | 1·5 (1·1–2·2) |
| Number of episodes | 145 000 (50 000–421 000) | 396 000 (235 000–667 000) | 220 000 (117 000–415 000) | 88 000 (67 000–116 000) | 735 000 (491 000–1 101 000) | 95 000 (72 000–125 000) | 827 000 (600 000–1 207 000) |
| 0–60 months† | |||||||
| Studies‡ | 16 (4) | 22 (6) | 16 (8) | 51 (28) | 57 (19) | 48 (27) | 105 (46) |
| Hospital admission rate | 3·5 (2·0–6·3) | 6·2 (4·0–9·4) | 6·2 (3·8–10·3) | 6·0 (4·7–7·7) | 5·2 (3·9–6·9) | 6·1 (4·7–7·9) | 5·3 (4·2–6·8) |
| Number of episodes | 411 000 (231 000–731 000) | 1 908 000 (1 251 000–2 909 000) | 1 139 000 (693 000–1 872 000) | 409 000 (319 000–524 000) | 3 163 000 (2 395 000–4 179 000) | 413 000 (318 000–537 000) | 3 567 000 (2 856 000–4 634 000) |
| RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection hospital admission with hypoxaemia | |||||||
| 0–3 months | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 32 | 8 | 40 |
| Hospital admission rate | 2·5 (0·4–14·9) | 5·7 (1·5–18·0) | 9·2 (2·4–29·9) | 12·4 (2·7–40·7) | 6·9 (3·1–15·4) | 9·4 (1·4–41·3) | 7·4 (3·6–15·5) |
| Number of episodes | 15 000 (2000–90 000) | 90 000 (24 000–282 000) | 82 000 (21 000–267 000) | 42 000 (9000–136 000) | 211 000 (95 000–473 000) | 31 000 (5000–137 000) | 252 000 (121 000–527 000) |
| 3–6 months | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 35 | 9 | 44 |
| Hospital admission rate | 1·0 (0·1–12·4) | 3·2 (1·1–7·9) | 6·3 (2·0–17·4) | 7·9 (1·9–22·9) | 4·0 (1·9–8·6) | 5·5 (1·0–21·3) | 4·2 (2·1–8·6) |
| Number of episodes | 6000 (0–76 000) | 50 000 (18 000–123 000) | 56 000 (17 000–155 000) | 26 000 (6000–77 000) | 122 000 (57 000–263 000) | 18 000 (3000–70 000) | 144 000 (73 000–293 000) |
| 0–6 months† | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 7 | 15 | 10 | 32 | 9 | 41 |
| Hospital admission rate | 1·5 (0·3–7·8) | 4·5 (1·5–11·9) | 8·3 (2·5–23·7) | 10·9 (3·0–28·6) | 5·2 (2·5–11·2) | 8·2 (1·7–26·6) | 5·7 (2·9–11·3) |
| Number of episodes | 19 000 (3000–95 000) | 142 000 (47 000–372 000) | 149 000 (44 000–423 000) | 73 000 (20 000–191 000) | 322 000 (153 000–688 000) | 54 000 (11 000–176 000) | 385 000 (198 000–768 000) |
| 6–12 months | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 35 | 9 | 44 |
| Hospital admission rate | 0·9 (0·2–3·7) | 2·0 (0·7–5·3) | 3·0 (0·6–10·8) | 5·0 (1·4–12·8) | 2·2 (1·0–4·9) | 3·5 (0·8–11·1) | 2·3 (1·2–4·9) |
| Number of episodes | 11 000 (2000–45 000) | 62 000 (21 000–167 000) | 53 000 (11 000–193 000) | 33 000 (10 000–85 000) | 133 000 (59 000–301 000) | 23 000 (5000–74 000) | 159 000 (79 000–336 000) |
| 0–12 months† | |||||||
| Studies | 9 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 36 | 9 | 45 |
| Hospital admision rate | 1·7 (0·4–6·2) | 3·9 (1·6–8·7) | 6·0 (1·7–17·9) | 8·9 (2·8–20·8) | 4·1 (2·2–7·9) | 6·6 (1·7–18·5) | 4·5 (2·5–8·0) |
| Number of episodes | 42 000 (11 000–151 000) | 245 000 (98 000–543 000) | 214 000 (60 000–639 000) | 120 000 (37 000–279 000) | 509 000 (268 000–976 000) | 88 000 (22 000–245 000) | 606 000 (342 000–1 095 000) |
| 12–60 months | |||||||
| Studies | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| Hospital admission rate | 0·1 (<0·05–1·0) | 0·2 (<0·05–0·8) | 0·3 (<0·05–1·9) | 0·6 (0·1–1·6) | 0·2 (0·1–0·7) | 0·4 (0·1–1·4) | 0·2 (0·1–0·7) |
| Number of episodes | 13 000 (2000–92 000) | 52 000 (10 000–209 000) | 50 000 (5000–272 000) | 34 000 (8000–89 000) | 106 000 (32 000–346 000) | 24 000 (5000–76 000) | 134 000 (51 000–383 000) |
| 0–60 months† | |||||||
| Studies‡ | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| Hospital admission rate | 0·5 (0·1–1·7) | 1·3 (0·4–3·3) | 2·1 (0·4–7·2) | 2·3 (0·6–5·9) | 1·3 (0·6–2·8) | 1·5 (0·3–4·8) | 1·3 (0·7–2·8) |
| Number of episodes | 56 000 (15 000–198 000) | 406 000 (138 000–1 009 000) | 385 000 (67 000–1 313 000) | 159000 (41 000–401 000) | 795 000 (361 000–1 710 000) | 102 000 (21 000–328 000) | 911 000 (459 000–1 866 000) |
Data are n, hospital admission rate per 1000 children per year (UR), or n (UR). Number of episodes were were rounded to the nearest 1000. RSV=respiratory syncytial virus. UR=uncertainty range. *Global estimates were obtained by summing the numbers of developing and industrialised countries for each of the 1000 samples in the Monte Carlo simulation. †The point estimates and uncertainty range estimates are not necessarily equal to the sum of the estimates by finer age bands; this is because the studies that contributed to different age-group-specific estimates were different. ‡Data in parentheses indicate the number of studies with imputed data; comparisons between estimates using imputed data and not using imputed data are presented in the appendix (p 44).