. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 28.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Respir J. 2020 Dec 17;56(6):1902407. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02407-2019

Table 1. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid differential cell counts after HDM challenge at either ZT11 or ZT23 reveal no time of challenge differences.

BAL Immune Cell type	Challenge	ZT11	ZT23	Adjusted P value
Eosinophils % of total cells Median (IQR)	PBS	2.36 (0.55-6.28)	3.1 (2.49-4.39)	1.0
Eosinophils % of total cells Median (IQR)	HDM	25.5 (19.6-50.8)^*	46.5 (18-50.2)^*	1.0
Neutrophils % of total cells Median (IQR)	PBS	8.7 (1.35-11.58)	3.29 (.05-5.62)	1.0
Neutrophils % of total cells Median (IQR)	HDM	25.65 (14.53-48.45)	32 (15.6-50.8)	1.0
Macrophages % of total cells Median (IQR)	PBS	28.6 (17.4-46.05)	67 (63.35-73.6)	1.0
Macrophages % of total cells Median (IQR)	HDM	7.03 (5.45-12.45)	5.52 (1.11-9.59)^*	1.0
Lymphocytes % of total cells Median (IQR)	PBS	36.5 (26.48-48.33)	20.0 (14.58-22.13)	1.0
Lymphocytes % of total cells Median (IQR)	HDM	21.7 17.35-27.15)	17.3 (11.72-19.9)	1.0
Total Cells ×10⁵/ml Median (IQR)	PBS	0.75 (0.46-1.32)	1.134 (0.72-2.83)	0.97
Total Cells ×10⁵/ml Median (IQR)	HDM	4.36 (3.48-15.2)^**	4.09 (2.73-8.12)	0.94

PBS v HDM, p≤ 0.05

^**

PBS v HDM P≤0.01

BAL total cells increased after HDM at ZT11, compared to controls, but not at ZT23. There was no difference by time of challenge (P≤ 0.01). BAL eosinophils significantly increased following HDM challenge at both ZT11 and at ZT23 compared to PBS control (P≤0.05 and P≤ 0.05) No time of challenge differences were seen for differential BAL cell types. There was a significant reduction in BAL macrophages at ZT23 after HDM compared to PBS (P≤ 0.05). Asterixes indicate difference between HDM and PBS challenge. Median ± IQR; 1 way ANOVA, followed by Tukey multiple comparison adjustment, n=9-11 per treatment group.