Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Apr 21;1:431–444. doi: 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1

Fig. 3. Therapeutic strategies to target adaptive immune responses.

Fig. 3

The figure, which is not exhaustive, highlights some of the most promising therapeutic strategies to manipulate the adaptive immune system (through neutralizing pathogenic or promoting regulatory immunity) for the benefit of individuals with, or at risk of, ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Current strategies tested in the clinic include the use of a monoclonal antibody (Ab) against CD20 (that is, rituximab) to deplete mature B cells, and the use of recombinant (rec) low-dose IL-2 to promote Treg cells. Promising strategies in development include the development of CD8-depleting monoclonal antibodies, neutralizing antibodies to block proinflammatory OSEs, such as anti-PC and anti-MDA antibodies, CAR-Treg cells targeting OSEs, RNA-based immunogenic vaccines targeting OSEs and RNA-based tolerogenic vaccines using ApoB100-derived peptides. FO B, follicular B cell; GCB, GC B cell.