Table 2.
Rate ratios of sub-city ABR associated with a 1-SD higher value of city-level scores and indicators before and after adjustment for city and sub-city level covariates (363 cities except where noted).
| Contrast | Unadjusted |
Adjusteda |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | ||
|
City Scores | |||
| WA autonomy score | 1.36 | 0.81 (0.77,0.86) | 0.92 (0.86,0.99) |
| WA education score | 1.95 | 0.85 (0.82,0.89) | 0.93 (0.89,0.96)e |
| WA health care scoreb | 2.14 | 0.83 (0.76,0.90) | 0.88 (0.82,0.95) |
| Gender Inequality Index |
0.14 |
1.04 (1.01,1.07) |
1.04 (1.01,1.06) |
|
City Indicators | |||
| Education | |||
| % Women 25 and older with high school | 12.88 | 0.86 (0.81,0.92) | 0.95 (0.90,1.00)e |
| % Men 25 and older with high school | 14.31 | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | 0.91 (0.86,0.96)e |
| % Women 25 and older with university | 4.72 | 0.87 (0.84,0.90) | 0.93 (0.90,0.96)e |
| Labor force | |||
| % Women 15 and older in the labor force | 8.04 | 0.82 (0.78,0.86) | 0.88 (0.85,0.92) |
| % Men 15 and older in the labor force | 3.18 | 0.98 (0.95,1.01) | 0.99 (0.96,1.01) |
| Health care | |||
| % Women 50–79 with mammogram in the last 2 yearsb | 0.17 | 0.83 (0.77,0.89) | 0.87 (0.82,0.93) |
| % Women 25–49 with pap smear in the last 3 yearsc | 0.09 | 0.89 (0.82,0.96) | 0.95 (0.89,1.01) |
| Political participation and child marriage | |||
| Cities with at least 1 female elected mayord | – | 0.93 (0.87,0.99) | 0.94 (0.89,0.99) |
| % Women 15-17 married/15–17 female pop | 1 | 1.03 (0.99,1.07) | 1.00 (0.97,1.03) |
All variables were standardized to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, the association reflects the difference associated with a 1 standard deviation higher value (corresponding to the value in the Contrast column), unless otherwise specified. Each row corresponds to a separate model (exposures of interest are examined one at a time in separate models). Results come from a model of sub-cities nested in cities, with adjustment variables as defined below.
Adjusted 1, models are adjusted for: population size, population growth, and homicide rates at a city level, and living conditions and educational attainment scores at sub-city level.
This variable is only available for 129 cities, 4 countries.
For Peru the age range is 30–49, this indicator is only available for 176 L1AD, 6 countries.
Variable included as binary (0/1).
The models for these variables exclude the sub-city population educational attainment score. The results when sub-city population educational attainment was included were as follows: WA education score (RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.95,1.02), % women 25 and older with high school (RR 1.03; 95%CI 0.98,1.09), % men 25 and older with high school (RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.93,1.03), % women 25 and older with university (RR 0.97; 95%CI 0.94,1.00).