Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Microbiol. 2022 Oct 17;7(11):1744–1755. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8

Figure 3. The archaeal cell envelope.

Figure 3

(A) Examples of cell envelope structures of different archaea, including: the S-layer proteins of Sulfolobus; the S-layer protein of Haloferax containing a lipid-anchor; the cell envelope of Methanothermus containing both a pseudopeptidoglycan layer surmounted by an S-layer; the cell envelope of Methanosarcina containing an S-layer and a methanochondoitin layer on top. (B) Different archaeal surface appendages: the archaellum, type IV pili, threads, fimbriae, cannulae, and hami. (C) Different N-glycan structures found especially on the surface proteins of S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, S. tokodaii, H. volcanii and M. thermolithotrophicus.