Table 3.
Segmentation performance for multi-view data measured by the Dice score, Intersection-over-Union (IoU), Average Surface Distance (ASD) in mm, Robust (95%) Hausdorff distance (RHD) in mm. The baseline (UNet) is compared to transfer-based (TUNet) and multi-task learning-based (MTUNet and TMTUNet) models. Showing performance when training on different sets of single-view data: A (only anterior), P (only posterior), AP (both) and subsequently evaluated on the multi-view data. The bold values indicate the best performance of the corresponding class over all models. Gray boxes indicate significance compared to UNet (baseline) with a p < 0.05 with effect sizes small, moderate (*) and strong (**).
| Train set | Model | Dice | IoU | ASD (mm) | RHD (mm) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior | Posterior | Anterior | Posterior | Anterior | Posterior | Anterior | Posterior | ||
| A | UNet | 0.84 (0.09) | 0.35 (0.31) | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.26 (0.25) | 2.88 (2.92) | 26.00 (23.94) | 10.77 (11.32) | 57.49 (36.39) |
| A | TUNet | 0.84 (0.08) | 0.53 (0.23)** | 0.73 (0.10) | 0.40 (0.21)** | 3.12 (2.92) | 13.25 (9.38)* | 12.23 (13.38) | 40.01 (21.72)* |
| A | MTUNet | 0.86 (0.07)* | 0.34 (0.30) | 0.75 (0.09)* | 0.24 (0.24) | 2.41 (1.38) | 26.96 (23.81) | 9.28 (7.02) | 63.00 (38.37) |
| A | TMTUNet | 0.85 (0.08) | 0.57 (0.23)** | 0.74 (0.10) | 0.43 (0.23)** | 2.82 (2.09) | 11.01 (8.15)** | 11.78 (11.41) | 37.08 (22.81)** |
| P | UNet | 0.63 (0.30) | 0.81 (0.06) | 0.52 (0.27) | 0.68 (0.09) | 14.94 (21.63) | 4.52 (2.92) | 35.75 (33.49) | 18.89 (16.62) |
| P | TUNet | 0.68 (0.26) | 0.81 (0.06) | 0.56 (0.24) | 0.69 (0.09) | 11.81 (19.91) | 4.23 (2.54) | 29.22 (31.67) | 17.03 (14.16) |
| P | MTUNet | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.81 (0.06) | 0.53 (0.26) | 0.69 (0.08) | 15.89 (24.20) | 4.44 (3.18) | 36.63 (35.87) | 19.05 (18.40) |
| P | TMTUNet | 0.77 (0.12)** | 0.82 (0.06)* | 0.64 (0.14)** | 0.70 (0.08)* | 4.95 (4.25)** | 3.85 (2.35)* | 19.04 (17.93)** | 15.98 (14.72) |
| AP | UNet | 0.86 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.06) | 0.75 (0.07) | 0.67 (0.07) | 2.45 (1.25) | 4.76 (2.75) | 9.37 (7.02) | 20.55 (16.76) |
| AP | TUNet | 0.85 (0.05) | 0.81 (0.08) | 0.75 (0.08) | 0.68 (0.10) | 2.49 (1.30) | 4.50 (3.20) | 9.79 (7.16) | 18.32 (16.09) |
| AP | MTUNet | 0.86 (0.04)* | 0.82 (0.07)* | 0.76 (0.07)* | 0.70 (0.10)* | 2.35 (1.42)* | 4.22 (2.57)* | 9.48 (9.46) | 17.70 (15.01) |
| AP | TMTUNet | 0.86 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.07) | 0.75 (0.08) | 0.68 (0.09) | 2.64 (1.80) | 4.74 (3.33) | 10.97 (11.21) | 19.66 (17.35) |