Table 3. Associations of genetically determined levels of milk intake with lung function (N=325737).

	Unadjusted			Adjusted for age, sex, and PCs			Further adjusted for smoking, alcohol and BMI
	Beta	SE	p	Beta	SE	p	Beta	SE	P
FEV1, liter
Lactase genotype
GG (non-persistence)	0 (ref)			0 (ref)			0 (ref)
GA (persistence)	-0.017	0.006	0.004	-0.011	0.004	0.008	-0.009	0.004	0.023
AA (persistence)	0.017	0.003	<0.001	0.010	0.002	<0.001	0.009	0.002	<0.001
AA vs. GA/GG	0.016	0.003	<0.001	0.010	0.002	<0.001	0.008	0.002	<0.001
Per milk-increasing allele	-0.014	0.002	<0.001	-0.009	0.002	<0.001	-0.008	0.002	<0.001
Genotype × milk*			0.201			0.536			0.775
Drinking vs. not drinking milk (genetically determined)				-0.154	0.034	<0.001
Per glass of genetically determined higher milk intake**				-0.138	0.031	<0.001
FVC, liter
Lactase genotype
GG (non-persistence)	0 (ref)			0 (ref)			0 (ref)
GA (persistence)	-0.027	0.008	<0.001	-0.020	0.006	<0.001	-0.017	0.006	0.003
AA (persistence)	-0.044	0.008	<0.001	-0.031	0.006	<0.001	-0.026	0.006	<0.001
AA vs. GA/GG	0.020	0.004	<0.001	0.014	0.003	<0.001	0.011	0.003	<0.001
Per milk-increasing allele	-0.019	0.003	<0.001	-0.013	0.002	<0.001	-0.011	0.002	<0.001
Genotype × milk*			0.247			0.623			0.933
Drinking vs. not drinking milk (genetically determined)				-0.223	0.034	<0.001
Per glass of genetically determined higher milk intake**				-0.200	0.031	<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; principal component, SE, standard error.

^*rs4988235 genotype (per allele) × drinking milk (no/yes) interaction test.

^**SNP-milk intake estimates, N=2298. SNP-outcome estimates: N=325737.