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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Funct Ecol. 2021 Aug;35(8):1745–1755. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13830

Table 1.

Regression slopes (estimated) and their confidence intervals, estimated for all traits assessed along the elevation gradient (in situ) and in the common garden. The total number of acorns produced (Ntot) and the total number of acorns produced per unit ground area (Ntot_area) in situ and in the common garden were regressed against elevation and mean April temperature in a negative binomial random regression model. The mean mass of one acorn (Ma) and the mean annual height (ΔH) and diameter (ΔD) increments were regressed against elevation and annual mean temperature in a linear mixed-effect model. The estimates as a function of elevation are shown per 100 m increase. The standard deviation (SD), confidence interval and the p-value are indicated for each trait.

Trait Estimate SD p.value
In situ Elevation
log(Ntot-area)/100 m -0.10 [-0.14, -0.07] 0.016 <0.001 ***
log(Ntot)/100 m -0.12 [-0.15, -0.09] 0.015 <0.001 ***
Ma/100 m -0.086[-0.104, -0.067] 0.0095 <0.001 ***
ΔH/100 m -0. 013 [-0. 017, -0. 009] 0.00212 <0.001 ***
ΔD/100m quadratic term 0.025 [0.014, 0.036] 0.006 <0.001 ***
linear term -0.47 [-0.66, -0.28] 0.095 <0.001 ***
Temperature log(Ntot-area) 0.23 [0.15, 0.32] 0.044 <0.001 ***
log(Ntot-) 0.25[0.18,0.33] 0.039 <0.001 ***
Ma 0.22 [0.17, 0.27] 0.023 <0.001 ***
ΔH 0. 024 [0. 016, 0. 033] 0.004 <0.001 ***
ΔD quadratic term 0.13 [0.07, 0.19] 0.029 <0.001 ***
linear term -2.34 [-3.45, -1.24] 0.566 <0.001 ***
common garden Elevation log(Ntot-area)/100 m 0.027 [0.009, 0.046] 0.009 0.003 **
log(Ntot)/100 m 0.012 [-0.004, 0.036] 0.008 0.14 ns
Ma/100 m 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] 0.011 <0.001 ***
ΔH/100 m -0.004 [-0.006, -0. 003] 0.0009 <0.001 ***
ΔD/100 m -0.16 [-0.20, -0.11] 0.021 <0.001 ***
Temperature log(Ntot-area) -0.054 [-0.09, -0.019] 0.018 0.003 **
log(Ntot) -0.005 [-0.036, 0.026] 0.016 0.75 ns
Ma -0.28 [-0.33, -0.22] 0.028 <0.001 ***
ΔH 0. 014 [0. 010, 0. 018] 0.002 <0.001 ***
ΔD 0.48 [0.38, 0.58] 0.051 <0.001 ***

Units for each trait, for elevation and temperature, respectively: log(Ntot-area) in seed.m-2.100 m-1 and seed. °C-1; Ma in g. 100 m-1 and g. °C-1; ΔH in m.year-1.100 m-1 and m.year-1. °C-1; ΔD in mm.year-1.100 m-1 and mm.year-1. °C-1.