. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 4.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Mar;117(3):564–575. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.005

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants in the UK Biobank.

Baseline characteristic	All participants (n=385917)
Sex, n (%)
Female	208227 (54.0)
Male	177690 (46.0)
Age (years), mean (sd)	56.7 (8.0)
BMI (kg/m²), mean (sd)	27.4 (4.8)
Townsend deprivation index, mean (sd)	-1.5 (3.0)
Smoking status, n (%)
Current	40039 (10.4)
Former	136651 (35.4)
Never	207296 (53.7)
Unknown	1931 (0.5)
Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (sd)
Diastolic blood pressure	82.2(10.7)
Systolic blood pressure	139.8 (19.7)
Biomarker concentration (mmol/L), mean (sd)
LDL-cholesterol	3.6 (0.9)
HDL-cholesterol	1.5 (0.4)
Total cholesterol	5.7 (1.1)
Triglycerides	1.7 (1.0)