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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 4.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Mar;117(3):564–575. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.005

Table 2. Significant PheWAS associations by using weighted GRS in the UK Biobank (n = 385917).

Biomarker Phecode Description Group Cases Participants OR (95%CI) P-value FDR adjusted p-value
Folate 281.11 Pernicious anemia hematopoietic 1144 355132 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) 2.37E-05 1.13E-02
281.1 Megaloblastic anemia hematopoietic 1862 355850 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) 2.50E-05 1.13E-02
281 Other deficiency anemia hematopoietic 1972 355960 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) 4.19E-05 1.13E-02
401.1 Essential hypertension circulatory system 109289 385661 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) 5.01E-05 1.13E-02
401 Hypertension circulatory system 109545 385917 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) 5.06E-05 1.13E-02
272 Disorders of lipid metabolism endocrine/metabolic 54333 385917 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) 9.79E-05 1.48E-02
272.11 Hypercholesterolemia endocrine/metabolic 50143 381727 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) 9.92E-05 1.48E-02
272.1 Hyperlipidemia endocrine/metabolic 54099 385683 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) 1.06E-04 1.48E-02
555.1 Regional enteritis digestive 2166 315062 0.92 (0.89, 0.96) 3.02E-04 3.74E-02
Vitamin B6 594 Urinary calculus genitourinary 8724 385126 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) 7.72E-07 8.62E-04
594.1 Calculus of kidney genitourinary 4748 381150 0.94 (0.92, 0.97) 4.03E-05 2.25E-02
Vitamin B12 261.2 Vitamin B-complex deficiencies endocrine/metabolic 2246 380355 0.47 (0.40, 0.55) 1.36E-21 1.52E-18
261 Vitamin deficiency endocrine/metabolic 5055 383164 0.74 (0.67, 0.82) 5.51E-09 3.08E-06
158 Neoplasm of unspecified nature of digestive system neoplasms 1540 362470 1.50 (1.26, 1.77) 2.54E-06 9.44E-04
574 Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis digestive 20567 383100 1.10 (1.05, 1.16) 9.36E-05 2.61E-02
281.1 Megaloblastic anemia hematopoietic 1862 355850 0.73 (0.62, 0.86) 1.53E-04 3.42E-02
574.1 Cholelithiasis digestive 18324 380857 1.10 (1.05, 1.16) 2.37E-04 4.01E-02
281.11 Pernicious anemia hematopoietic 1144 355132 0.68 (0.55, 0.83) 2.51E-04 4.01E-02
Homocysteine 272.1 Hyperlipidemia endocrine/metabolic 54099 385683 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) 2.17E-06 1.53E-03
272 Disorders of lipid metabolism endocrine/metabolic 54333 385917 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) 2.74E-06 1.53E-03
272.11 Hypercholesterolemia endocrine/metabolic 50143 381727 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) 1.34E-05 4.98E-03
721.2 Spondylosis with myelopathy musculoskeletal 335 374722 3.27 (1.80, 5.95) 9.99E-05 2.08E-02
585.33 Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage III genitourinary 7753 362882 1.29 (1.13, 1.46) 1.04E-04 2.08E-02
433 Cerebrovascular disease circulatory system 14058 384206 1.21 (1.10, 1.33) 1.12E-04 2.08E-02
261.2 Vitamin B-complex deficiencies endocrine/metabolic 2246 380355 1.57 (1.25, 1.98) 1.33E-04 2.12E-02
585.3 Chronic renal failure [CKD] genitourinary 12777 367906 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) 1.90E-04 2.20E-02
261 Vitamin deficiency endocrine/metabolic 5055 383164 1.34 (1.15, 1.57) 1.92E-04 2.20E-02
411.4 Coronary atherosclerosis circulatory system 28433 369752 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) 2.07E-04 2.20E-02
788 Syncope and collapse symptoms 14378 385917 1.19 (1.09, 1.31) 2.17E-04 2.20E-02
557.1 Celiac disease digestive 2470 315366 1.50 (1.20, 1.87) 3.27E-04 3.05E-02
252.2 Hypoparathyroidism endocrine/metabolic 355 379815 0.36 (0.20, 0.64) 5.89E-04 4.71E-02
340 Migraine neurological 5026 376143 1.32 (1.12, 1.54) 5.90E-04 4.71E-02