Table 4.

Review of studies assessing the accuracy of 1-D model pulse waveforms

References		Test Data	Simulated Arteries	εP	εQ	εU	εA
Mynard et al.	(32)	3-D data	Carotid bifurcation	-	-	*	-
Reymond et al.	(87)	3-D data	Upper Ao and supra Ao arteries	*	*	-	-
Grinberg et al.	(88)	3-D data	50 larger intracraneal arteries	*	*	-	-
Xiao et al.	(89)	3-D data	CCA, thoracic Ao, aortic bif.	1.4	2.1	-	2.6
Xiao et al.	(89)	3-D data	20 larger sys. arteries	2.1	4.9	-	-
Boileau et al.	(90)	3-D data	CCA, thoracic Ao, aortic bif.	1.2	2.6	-	4.3
Alastruey et al.	(91)	3-D data	Upper Ao and supra Ao arteries	2.0	5.0	-	3.0
Jin and Alastruey	(92)	3-D data	Abdominal Ao, carotid and iliac§	5.4	7.3	-	-
Bessems et al.	(18)	in vitro	Ao†	*	*	-	-
Alastruey et al.	(93)	in vitro	37 larger sys. arteries	2.5	10.8	-	-
Saito et al.	(94)	in vitro	9 larger sys. arteries	10.0	*	-	-
Huberts et al.	(95)	in vitro	Upper-limb arteries	*	*	-	-
Boileau et al.	(90)	in vitro	37 larger sys. arteries	4.0	25.6	-	-
Jin and Alastruey	(92)	in vitro	Ao	5.0	-	-	-
Avolio	(46)	human	128 larger sys. arteries	-	-	*	-
Stettler et al.	(47, 48)	human	Ao and lower limb arteries	*	*	-	-
Olufsen et al.	(96)	human	29 larger sys. arteries	-	*	-	-
Reymond et al.	(21)	human	103 larger sys. arteries	*	*	-	-
Reymond et al.	(64)	human	94 larger sys. arteries	6.0‡	11.0	-	-
Willemet et al.	(97)	human	Lower-limb arteries	9.6	-	16.0	-
Guala et al.	(65)	human	Larger sys. arteries	13.0	-	-	-
Mynard and Smolich	(32)	human	Larger sys. and pul. arteries	*	*	*	-
Alastruey et al.	(91)	human	Upper Ao and supra Ao arteries	10.0	7.0	-	8.0
Strocchi et al.	(84)	human	55 larger sys. arteries	*	*	-	-
Charlton et al.	(28)	human	116 larger sys. arteries	*	*	-	-
Steele et al.	(98)	animal	Aortic bypass	-	4.2	-	-
Mynard et al.	(99)	animal	Left conduit coronary arteries	-	16.7	-	-

The third column shows the type of reference data used in each study. Upper bounds for relative errors (in percentage) for pressure (ε_P), flow rate (ε_Q), flow velocity (ε_U) and cross-sectional area (ε_A) wave morphology, calculated as described in the corresponding article, are shown when available. (Adapted from Ref. 92). Ao, aorta; bif., bifurcation; CCA, common carotid artery; pul., pulmonary; sys., systemic. -, no comparison made.

*Qualitative comparison; †according to the dimensions shown in Fig. 4 of (18); ‡except at the abdominal aorta, where root mean square error is 21%; §for stenosis and aneurysm sizes of up to 85% and 400%, respectively.