Table 2. Socioeconomic, agricultural, and dietary profile of farmer households surveyed in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) and Sonipat (Haryana).
| Parameters | Visakhapatnam (n = 236) |
Sonipat (n = 243) |
Overall (n = 479) |
Variation, if Significant (t-Test) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Family education (years) | 5.5 | 3.1 | 8.6 | 2.3 | 7.1 | 3.1 | p < 0.01 |
| Per-capita annual income (Rs) | 12,918 | 10,663 | 2675 | 3301 | 8482 | 9709 | p < 0.01 |
| Wealth index (WI) | (–) 4.7 | 2.3 | (–) 9.2 | 4.6 | (–) 7.0 | 4.8 | p < 0.01 |
| Income diversity index (IDI) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.2 | p < 0.01 |
| Landholding size (ha) | 1.3 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 7.7 | p < 0.01 |
| Total cropped land area (ha) | 1.4 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 17.3 | 4.2 | 14.2 | p < 0.01 |
| Cropping intensity (%) | 124 | 46 | 186 | 35.1 | 156 | 51.32 | p < 0.01 |
| Crop diversity index (CDI) | 0.55 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.11 | 0.56 | 0.18 | Not significant |
| Number of crops in a year (#) | 3.4 | 1.83 | 3.3 | 1.19 | 3.4 | 1.54 | Not significant |
| Groundwater depth (feet) | 118 | 80 | 39 | 34 | 78 | 73.02 | p < 0.01 |
| Kitchen garden (Y/N) | 9 | Not applicable | 7 | Not applicable | 8 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Growing without fertilizers for domestic consumption (Y/N) |
31 | Not applicable | 7 | Not applicable | 19 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Growing without pesticides for domestic consumption (Y/N) |
37 | Not applicable | 8 | Not applicable | 22 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Started using less amount of fertilizer in last 5 years (Y/N) |
10 | Not applicable | 2 | Not applicable | 6 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Started using less amount of pesticide in last 5 years (Y/N) |
7 | Not applicable | 1 | Not applicable | 4 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Fruit and vegetables without fertilizers (Y/N) |
5 | Not applicable | 2 | Not applicable | 4 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Fruit and vegetables without pesticides (Y/N) |
4 | Not applicable | 2 | Not applicable | 3 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Milk produced (liters/daily) | 4.5 | 9.4 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 7.9 | Not significant |
| Number of poultry (currently) | 11.05 | 11.6 | Not applicable | Not applicable | 11.05 | 11.6 | Not applicable |
| Number of eggs (daily) | 4.3 | 5.9 | Not applicable | Not applicable | 4.3 | 5.7 | Not applicable |
| Distance traveled to buy food (km) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.6 | Not significant |
| Household dietary diversity score (overall) | 10.5 | 0.6 | 8.3 | 0.6 | 9.4 | 1.25 | p < 0.01 |
| Household dietary diversity score (monsoon) | 10.8 | 0.6 | 8.6 | 0.5 | 9.7 | 1.25 | p < 0.01 |
| Household dietary diversity score (winter) | 10.8 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 0.7 | 9.7 | 1.25 | p < 0.01 |
| Household dietary diversity score (summer) | 9.8 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 1.29 | p < 0.01 |