Table 1.
Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Meta-analysis (N = 14).
| Author (Year of Publication)/ Study Region |
Study Population | Study Period (Year) |
Criteria for Dementia | Sample Size# |
Male/ Female |
Mean Age± SD/Range (Years) |
Illiterate/ Educated |
HTN |
DM |
Tobacco Use | Alcohol Use |
Others |
| Saikia AM et al (2018)/ Assam[14] |
CB | 2013 | EDQ | 45 | 12/33 | >65 Year | 14/31 | NM | NM | 22 | 08 | Nonvegetarian—34 Social isolation—15 |
| Lalu JS et al (2018)/ Kerala[15] | HB | 2016-2017 | MMSE | 50 | 20/30 | >65 Year | 00/50 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 07 | Sedentary life style—09 Depression—18 Dyslipidaemia—11 Nonvegetarian—36 F H/o D—11 |
| Mummadi MK (2018) Telengana[16] |
CB | 2013 | MMSE | 112 | 70/42 | >65 Year | NM | 40 | 30 | 32 | 16 | Stroke—8 |
| Kushwaha S et al (2017)/ New Delhi[17] |
HB | 2007-2014 | MMSE | 1777 | 1115/662 | NM | 1349/428 | 984 | 338 | 84 | 27 | Dyslipidaemia—797 Hypothyroidism—5 Vit B12 Deficiency—55 |
| Chandra M et al(2015)/ New Delhi[18] | HB | 2013-2014 | CDR | 159 | 87/72 | 69.35±7.51 | NM | 117 | 65 | NM | NM | Dyslipidemia—126 CAD—93 |
| Chandra SR et al(2014)/ Karnataka[19] | HB | 2004-2010 | MMSE (mHIS) |
83 | 60/23 | 65.4 ± 9.2 |
NM | 59 | 24 | 39 | 22 | Dyslipidemia—40 Stroke—16 |
| Tripathi M et al (2012)/ New Delhi[20] |
HB | 2003-2005 | MMSE |
150 | 118/32 | 65.73±9.70 |
NM | 83 | 50 | 50 | 29 | F H/o D—22 h/o of head injury—22 CAD—8 Stroke—38 Depression—60 Dyslipidaemia—150 |
| Ghosh T et al (2012)/New Delhi[21] | HB | NM | MMSE CDR |
50 | 28/22 | 66.7±3.2 | NM | NM | NM | 11 | NM | NM |
| Kota LN et al(2012)/ Karnataka[22] |
HB | NM | HMSE | 331 | 180/151 | 61.14 ± 11.40 | NM | NM | 104 | NM | NM | |
| Poddar K et al(2011/ Uttar Pradesh[23] |
CB | NM | MMSE HMSE |
146 | 69/77 | >50 Year | 88/58 | 52 | 23 | 61 | 2 | NM |
| Saldanha D et al(2010)/ Maharashtra[24] |
CB | 2005-2007 | MMSE CSI-D CERAD |
78 | NM | >65 Year | 55/23 | NM | NM | NM | NM | Social isolation—34 |
| Alladi S et al.(2006)/ Telengana[25] |
HB | 2006-2010 | MMSE CDR |
347 | 229/118 | 66.3 |
298/49 | NM | NM | NM | NM | F H/o D—46 |
| Rajkumar S et al (1997)/ Tamil Nadu[26] | CB | NM | MMSE GMS |
27 | 11/16 | >60 Year | 24/3 | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM |
| Shaji et al.(1996)/ Kerala[27] |
CB | NM | MMSE | 65 | 27/38 | >65 Year | NM | 30 | NM | 16 | NM | F H/o D—8 |
NM: not mentioned, CBS: community based, HBS: hospital based, EDQ: early dementia questionnaire, MMSE: mini-mental status examination, HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, AD: Alzheimer’s dementia, VD: vascular dementia, CDR: clinical dementia rating scale, MINI: mini international neuropsychiatric interview, mHIS: modified Hachinski ischaemic scale, CSI-D: community screening instrument—dementia, GMS: geriatric mental state, F H/o D: family history of dementia. #The subjects with dementia based on a criterion.