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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2023 Jan 31;118(6):1127–1139. doi: 10.1111/add.16125

Table 2. Gambling behaviour.

a. All participants b. Those who gambled in both waves
Wave 1 Wave 2 Combined Wave 1 Wave 2 Combined
n % n % n % n % n % n %
Individuals who undertook each in the past 12 months
   Lotteries 356 17.6 338 15.6 694 16.6 253 49.3 266 50.3 519 49.8
   Scratchcards 371 18.9 285 14.0 656 16.4 255 50.2 227 45.2 482 47.7
   Private betting 183 10.4 96 5.6 279 8.0 104 22.9 63 15.1 167 19.0
   Fruit/slot machines 120 6.4 60 3.2 180 4.8 79 17.1 44 10.0 123 13.5
   FOBT 36 2.3 21 1.1 57 1.7 24 5.9 15 3.2 39 4.6
   Online horse/dog betting 137 6.9 95 5.1 232 6.0 93 18.3 81 17.7 174 18.0
   Online sports betting 207 11.8 166 9.2 373 10.5 150 34.2 138 30.8 288 32.5
   Online casino/slots 72 3.9 74 4.1 146 4.0 54 11.9 57 12.8 111 12.4
   Online bingo 36 1.8 40 2.0 76 1.9 28 5.4 30 6.2 58 5.8
   Online other betting 83 4.5 59 3.4 142 4.0 64 13.9 48 11.7 112 12.8
   Horse/dog racing (in person) 127 6.5 31 1.6 158 4.0 81 16.5 28 5.7 109 11.1
   Sports betting (in person) 43 2.5 26 1.6 69 2.1 31 7.2 22 5.7 53 6.4
   Other form of betting (in person) 18 1.0 10 0.6 28 0.8 13 2.6 10 2.2 23 2.4
   Casino table games (in person) 54 2.8 19 1.2 73 2.0 38 7.8 16 3.6 54 5.7
   Bingo (in person) 124 5.3 36 1.5 160 3.4 77 13.0 31 5.2 108 9.1
   Poker 20 1.1 25 1.4 45 1.3 13 3.0 23 5.4 36 4.2
   Football pools 42 2.8 35 2.1 77 2.5 27 6.7 22 5.4 49 6.0
   Loot boxes 214 12.1 196 10.7 410 11.4 84 18.1 76 17.1 160 17.6
   Skin betting (any) 112 6.9 83 4.7 195 5.8 52 11.7 38 9.7 90 10.7
   Skin betting (external websites) 73 4.2 59 3.1 132 3.6 35 7.3 29 6.8 64 7.0
   Skin betting (private) 94 5.8 75 4.4 169 5.1 48 10.9 37 9.6 85 10.2
Number of activities in past 12 month
   None 1240 56.6 1391 66.0 2631 61.3 0 0 0 0 0 0
   1 343 17.8 325 15.3 668 16.5 162 32.3 213 41.5 375 36.9
   2 233 12.2 161 8.1 394 10.1 136 28.2 113 22.5 249 25.3
   3 96 4.8 95 4.6 191 4.7 62 11.3 78 14.6 140 12.9
   4 74 3.5 48 2.7 122 3.1 60 11.1 41 9.1 101 10.1
   Five or more 94 5.3 60 3.4 154 4.3 77 17.1 52 12.3 129 14.7
Gambled on at least one activity in past 12 months 840 43.4 689 34 1529 38.7 497 100 497 100 994 100
PGSI score
   Mean score 2080 0.7 2080 0.6 4160 0.6 497 2.1 497 1.8 994 1.9
   SD 2.84 2.57 2.71 4.79 4.34 4.57

FOBT = fixed odd betting terminals; PGSI = Problem Gambling Severity Index