. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 9.

Published in final edited form as: Mamm Genome. 2018 Aug 25;29(7-8):384–407. doi: 10.1007/s00335-018-9775-2

Table 2. Detailed information on mouse genetic studies supporting the role of specific genes on susceptibility or resistance to flaviviruses.

Gene symbol (synonym)	Function / pathway	Virus	Mouse strains / cell type	Experimental conditions	Phenotype, observations	References
Genes identified by forward genetics approaches
Oas1b	Activation of RNA decay pathway by dsRNA recognition	WNV	Susceptible BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J vs resistant MAI/Pas and MBT/Pas, backcrosses and congenic strains	WNV strain IS-98-ST1, 1000 ffu ip, 6-wk-old mice	Most laboratory inbred mouse strains carry a non-sense, loss of function mutation making them highly susceptible.	Mashimo et al. 2002
		WNV	MEFs from susceptible C3H/He and resistant C3H.PRI-Fly^r congenic strain	WNV strain Eg101. In vitro infection of MEFs transfected with cDNAs of candidate genes	C3H.PRI-Flv^r congenic strain carries a nonsense mutation resulting in higher viral replication in MEFs.	Perelygin et al. 2002
		WNV	Collaborative Cross (CC) and F1 crosses of CC mice	WNV strain TX-2002-HC, 10² pfu footpad, 8-10-wk-old mice	Oas1b plays a role in susceptibility to WNV but a wide range of WNV-associated phenotypes are observed for a given Oas1b allele.	Graham et al. 2015
Statl	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	WNV	Backcross between C57BL/6-MHCII-Aα/β-/- and C3H	WNV strain Kunjin, 10³ pfu footpad, 8-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible MHCII-Aα/β-/- mice have acquired a spontaneous amino-acid substitution mutation.	Larena et al. 2017
Genes identified by their function in host immune responses
Ccr2	Chemokine receptor expressed on Ly6c^hi inflammatory monocytes and other leukocyte subtypes	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ccr2 KO	WNV strain NY99-35262, 100 pfu sc, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality, large and selective reduction of Ly6c^hi monocyte accumulation in the brain, sustained monocytopenia.	Lim et al. 2011
Ccr7	Chemokine receptor expressed by numerous cell types, which regulates the homing of T cells into lymphoid organs	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ccr7 KO	WNV strain NY99, 10⁴ pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality and CNS viral loads, leukocyte accumulation in the CNS with neuroinflammation and reduced viral clearance.	Bardina et al. 2017
Cxcl10	Chemokine of the CXC subfamily which binds to CXCR3 receptor	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Cxcl10 KO	WNV strain NY99, 10⁴ pfu footpad, 5-9-wk-old mice	Enhanced morbidity and mortality, increased viral burden in the brain, decreased CXCR3⁺CD8⁺ T-cell trafficking	Klein et al. 2005
Cxcr3	Receptor for chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 which stimulates leukocyte trafficking	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Cxcr3 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 10² pfu footpad, 5-8-wk-old mice	Enhanced mortality with increased viral burden and reduced CD8+ T cell trafficking specifically in the cerebellum.	Zhang et al. 2008
Ddx58 (RIG-I)	Cytoplasmic sensor of viral ssRNA and dsRNA	WNV	WT and Ddx58 KO (mixed genetic background)	WNV isolate TX 2002-HC, 100 pfu footpad, 6-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality. Decreased innate immune signaling and virus control in MEFs. Ddx58-Ifih1 double KO are extremely susceptible.	Errett et al. 2013
Dhx58 (LGP2)	Cytoplasmic sensor of viral RNA and inhibitor of antiviral RNAi by association with Dicer	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Dhx58 KO	WNV isolate TX 2002-HC, 100 pfu footpad, 6-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality despite activation of innate immune response. LGP2 regulates CD8⁺ T cell survival and effector functions.	Suthar et al. 2012
Ifih1 (MDA5)	Cytoplasmic sensor of viral dsRNA	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifih1 KO	WNV isolate TX 2002-HC, 100 pfu footpad, 6-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality. Decreased innate immune signaling and virus control in MEFs. Ddx58-Ifih1 double KO are extremely susceptible.	Errett et al. 2013
Ifih1 (MDA5)	Cytoplasmic sensor of viral dsRNA	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifih1 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 10²-10⁴ pfu footpad, 9-12-wk-old mice	Reduced survival. Increased viral burden primarily in the CNS.	Lazear et al. 2013
Ifi27l2a	ISG expressed at higher levels in granule cell neurons than in cortical neurons	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifi27l2a KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased susceptibility. Viral burden higher only in the CNS, associated with reduced cell death.	Lucas et al. 2016
Ifit2	Aka ISG54, member of the IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifit2 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-10-wk-old mice	Increased susceptibility with higher replication in the brain.	Cho et al. 2013
Ifitm3	ISG inhibiting virus entry and preventing viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifitm3 KO	WNV NY1999, 100 pfu sc, 8-9-wk-old mice	Increased susceptibility with higher viral burden in peripheral organs and CNS. Decreased B-cells, CD4+ T cells and Ag-specific CD8+ T cells.	Gorman et al. 2016
Ifna	Interferon-α(type I) with multiple members	WNV	C57BL/6J treated with anti-IFN-αmAb	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased lethality when mAb injected one day prior and two days following WNV infection.	Sheehan et al. 2015
Ifnb	Interferon-β(type I)	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnb KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality with enhanced viral replication in peripheral tissues and the CNS.	Lazear et al. 2011
Ifng	Interferon-γ(type II)	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifng KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality with enhanced viremia and viral replication in lymphoid tissues, earlier detection of WNV the CNS.	Shrestha et al. 2006
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (αand β) interferons	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnar1KO 129Sv/Ev WT and Ifnar1 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-10-wk-old mice	High susceptibility with death in 4 days and increased infection in macrophages, B cells, and T cells in the spleen.	Samuel and Diamond 2005
Ifngr1	Receptor of type II (γ) interferon	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifng KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality with enhanced viremia and viral replication in lymphoid tissues, earlier detection of WNV the CNS.	Shrestha et al. 2006
Ifnlr1	Receptor of type III (λ) interferon	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnlr1 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 5-12-wk-old mice	Increased viral load in the brain due to enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability.	Lazear et al. 2015
Il10	Pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppressive properties	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Il10 KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 7-8wk-old mice	Markedly reduced infection with increased production of antiviral cytokines.	Bai et al. 2009
Il12a	p35 subunit of IL12 which activates NK cells and induces differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into IFN-γproducing Th1 cells.	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Il12a KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 8-12wk-old mice	No difference in susceptibility with wildtype controls.	Town et al. 2009
Il12b	p40 subunit of IL12	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Il12b KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 8-12wk-old mice	Increased mortality.	Town et al. 2009
Il23a	Associates with IL12B to form IL23, which can activate STAT4 and stimulate the production of IFN-γ	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Il23a KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 8-12wk-old mice	Increased mortality.	Town et al. 2009
Irf1	Transcriptional regulator of interferon stimulated genes	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf1 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality, elevated viral burdens in peripheral tissues and the CNS.	Brien et al. 2011
Irf3	Transcriptional regulator of interferon stimulated genes	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf3 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality, elevated viral burdens in peripheral tissues and the CNS.	Daffis et al. 2007
Irf5	Transcriptional regulator of interferon stimulated genes	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf5 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 9-10-wk-old mice	Increased lethality with elevated infection in peripheral organs and the CNS.	Thackray et al. 2014
Irf7	Transcriptional regulator of interferon stimulated genes	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf7 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased lethality with blunted systemic type I IFN response. Increased viral titers in primary macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and cortical neurons.	Daffis et al. 2008b
Mavs (IPS-1)	Adaptor molecule of RIG-I and MDA5	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Mavs KO	WNV isolate TX 2002-HC, 100 pfu footpad, 6-12-wk-old mice	High susceptibility in 8 days with enhanced viral replication and dissemination (similar to Ddx58-Ifih1 double KO).	Suthar et al. 2010 Errett et al. 2013
Mb21d1 (cGas)	Cytosolic DNA sensor, cGMP-AMP synthase, activator of Tmem173 (STING)	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Mb21d1 KO	WNV NY1999, 100 pfu sc, 8-9-wk-old mice	Increased mortality but no increase in brain viral load	Schoggins et al. 2014
Myd88	Adaptor molecule of TLR7	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Myd88 KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 8-12wk-old mice	Increased mortality. Increased viral burden systemically and in the CNS.	Town et al. 2009
Myd88	Adaptor molecule of TLR7	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Myd88 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-10-wk-old mice	Increased mortality. Increased viral burden primarily in the CNS.	Szretter et al. 2010
Rnasel	Ribonuclease L (2’,5’-OAS-dependent)	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Rnasel KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-10-wk-old mice	Increased mortality (even higher if combined with Eif2ak2 (PKR) knockout). Increased viral burden in tissues and CNS.	Samuel et al. 2006
Rsad2	Aka viperin : ISG expressed in response to type I and II interferons. Modulates cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis, and lipid raft formation.	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Rsad2 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad or 10 pfu ic, 8-10-wk-old mice	Increased lethality. Modest increase of viral replication in macrophages. No difference in cortical neurons.	Szretter et al. 2011
Sema7a	A membrane-associated/secreted protein involved in connecting the neuronal and immune systems.	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Sema7a KO	WNV strain 2741, 1000 pfu ip, 6-8wk-old mice	Increased survival, reduced viral burden and blood-brain barrier permeability.	Sultana et al. 2012
Tlr3	Recognition of dsRNA	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Tlr3 KO	WNV strain 2741, 1000 pfu ip, 6-10-wk-old mice	Reduced mortality, reduced viral load, inflammatory responses and neuropathology in the brain.	Wang et al. 2004
Tlr3	Recognition of dsRNA	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Tlr3 KO	WNV strain 3000.0259, 100 pfu footpad, 8-12-wk-old mice	Increased mortality with higher viral burden in the CNS.	Daffis et al. 2008a
Tlr7	Recognition of ssRNA	WNV	C57BL/6J WT and Tlr7 KO	WNV strain 2741, 2000 pfu ip, 8-12wk-old mice	Increased mortality. Increased viral burden systemically and in the CNS.	Town et al. 2009

Ccr2	Chemokine receptor expressed on Ly6c^hi inflammatory monocytes and other leukocyte subtypes	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Ccr2 KO	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain P23085, 20 pfu ip, 8-10-wk-old male mice	Enhanced survival associated with decreased liver damage, decreased cell activation and decreased cytokine storm.	Guabiraba et al. 2010
Ccr4	Chemokine receptor which regulates leukocytes trafficking	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Ccr4 KO	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain P23085, 20 pfu ip, 8-10-wk-old male mice	Enhanced survival associated with decreased hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, liver damage, systemic inflammation and leukocyte activation.	Guabiraba et al. 2010
Clec5a	C-type lectin which regulates cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling during immune response	DENV	Stat1 KO (unspecified genetic background) treated with anti-CLEC5A mAb	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain New Guinea C-N, 10⁵pfu ip and ic simultaneously, unspecified mouse age	Decreased plasma leakage and TNF-α serum level without suppression of viral replication and overall reduced lethality.	Chen et al. 2008
Cxcl10	Chemokine of the CXC subfamily which binds to CXCR3 receptor	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Cxcl10 KO (unspecified genetic background)	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain New Guinea C-N, 2.10⁵ pfu ic, 6-8-wk-old mice	Increased mortality rate but unchanged number of infiltrating T cells in the brain. Cxcl10 KO mice tend to be more susceptible than Cxcr3 KO mice.	Hsieh et al. 2006 Ip and Liao 2010
Cxcr3	Receptor for chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 which stimulates leukocyte trafficking	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Cxcr3 KO (unspecified genetic background)	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain New Guinea C-N, 2.10⁵ pfu ic, 6-8-wk-old mice	Increased mortality rate with high viral load associated with a decrease in CD8⁺ T cells in the brain.	Hsieh et al. 2006
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) IFNs	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnar1 KO	Mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain D220 or DENV-2 strain D2S10, 10^5-6-7 pfu iv, 6-8-wk-old mice	Susceptible to both viral strains with 100% morbidity. Mortality rate varies between 15% and 100% according to the viral strain and dose. Viral replication is observed in blood, liver and blood marrow. Increased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10.	Shresta et al. 2004 Orozco et al. 2012
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) IFNs	DENV	129Sv/Ev WT and Ifnar1KO (also called A129 mice)	DENV-2 S221 strain, 10¹¹’¹² genomic equivalents (GE) iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	100% morbidity with observation of systemic disease but no sign of limb paralysis. Mortality rate varies between 0% and 100% according to the inoculum dose. Viral replication is observed in blood, spleen and blood marrow.	Prestwood et al. 2012
Ifnar1 / Ifngr1	Receptors of type I (αand β) and type II (γ) IFNs	DENV	129Sv/Ev WT and Ifnar1-Ifngr1 double KO (also called AG129 mice)	DENV-2 strain PL046, 10^5-6-7-8 pfu iv or mouse adapted DENV-1 strain Mochizuki, 4.10⁴ pfu iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to both viral strains. Mortality rate varies between 0 and 100% depending on DENV-2 infectious dose. Clinical signs include limb paralysis. Viral replication is observed in blood, spleen, lymph nodes and CNS.	Shresta et al. 2004 Prestwood et al. 2012
Irf1 / Irf3 / Irf5 / Irf7	Transcriptional regulators of IFN stimulated genes	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf3-Irf5-Irf7 triple KO (TKO) C57BL/6J WT and Irf1-Irf3-Irf5-Irf7 quadruple KO (QKO)	DENV-2 S221 strain, 5.10⁶ ffu iv, under ADE conditions, 5-6-wk-old male and female mice	Both TKO and QKO mice sustain viral replication but only QKO mice succumb to infection. DENV infection of TKO mice results in minimal type I IFN production but a robust type II IFN response.	Carlin et al. 2017
Rag1	Protein involved in activation of immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination during B and T cell development	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Rag1 KO (deficient in B and T lymphocytes)	DENV-2 strain PL046, 10^5-6-7-8 pfu iv or mouse adapted DENV-1 strain Mochizuki, 4.10⁴ pfu iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	Increased mortality rate with mouse-adapted DENV-1 strain but no detection of viral replication in peripheral organs.	Shresta et al. 2004
Rag2	Protein involved in the initiation of V(D)J recombination during B and T cell development	DENV	129Sv/Ev WT and Rag2 KO (deficient in B and T lymphocytes)	DENV-2 strain PL046, 10^5-6-7-8 pfu iv or mouse adapted DENV-1 strain Mochizuki, 4.10⁴ pfu iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	Increased mortality rate with mouse-adapted DENV-1 strain but no detection of viral replication in peripheral organs.	Shresta et al. 2004
Stat1	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	DENV	129Sv/Ev WT and Stat1 KO	DENV-2 strain PL046, 10^7-8 pfu iv or mouse adapted DENV-1 strain Mochizuki, 4.10⁴ pfu iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	Increased mortality rate with both DENV strains but viral replication is only transient (DENV is undetected at day 3 p.i. in various tissues).	Shresta et al. 2005 Perry et al. 2011
Stat2	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	DENV	C57BL/6J WT and Stat2 KO	Mouse adapted DENV-2 D2S10 strain, 106 ffu iv, under ADE conditions, unspecified mouse age	Extended viral detection in spleen and lymph nodes but no mortality.	Perry et al. 2011
Stat1 / Stat2	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	DENV	129Sv/Ev WT and Stat1-Stat2 double KO	DENV-2 S221 strain, 2.10⁵ pfu iv, 5-6-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible, 100% morbidity and lethality contrary to single-deficient mice.	Perry et al. 2011

Atg16l1	Part of a protein complex necessary for autophagy	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Atg16l1^Hm (hypomorphic) treated with anti-IFNAR mAb	ZIKV strain Paraiba 2015 (Asian), 10³ ffu sc, 8-10-wk-old pregnant female mice	Restricted ZIKV vertical transmission and placental/fetal damage. Overall improved placental and fetal outcomes.	Cao et al. 2017
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) IFNs	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnar1 KO	Several ZIKV strains (African and Asian), 10³ ffu sc, 5-6-wk-old male mice ZIKV strain MR766 (African) or PF13 (Asian), 10² ffu sc, 5-6-wk-old male mice	Highly susceptible to the African strains, 100% morbidity and lethality. Depending on the Asian strains, mortality rate varies between 0 and 100%. Viral replication is observed in all cases in blood, brain, spleen, liver and testis.	Lazear et al. 2016 Tripathi et al. 2017 Other results reviewed in Winkler and Peterson 2017
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) IFNs	ZIKV	129Sv/Ev WT and Ifnar1 KO (also called A129 mice)	ZIKV strain MP1751 (African) or PRVABC59 (Asian), 10 or 10⁶ ffu sc, 6-8-wk-old male mice ZIKV strain FSS13025 (Asian), 10⁵ ffu ip, 3-5-11-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to the African strain, 100% morbidity and lethality. Viral dissemination to the brain, spleen, liver and testis. Susceptibility to Asian strain is age-dependent, only mice under 6 weeks of age display morbidity and lethality. Viral replication is observed in all cases in blood, brain, spleen, liver and testis.	Dowall et al. 2017 Rossi et al. 2016
Ifnar1 / Ifngr1	Receptors of type I (α and β) and type II (γ) IFNs	ZIKV	129Sv/Ev WT and Ifnar1-Ifngr1 double KO (also called AG129 mice)	ZIKV strain PF13 (Asian), 10⁵ pfu sc, 3-4-8-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible regardless of mouse age or infectious dose. 100%morbidity and mortality. Viral replication is observed in blood and organs including spleen, liver and CNS but is associated with severe pathological findings only in the brain and muscle.	Aliota et al. 2016 Other results reviewed in Winkler and Peterson 2017
Ifnlr1	Receptor of type III (λ) interferon	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnlr1 KO	ZIKV strain Paraiba 2015 (Asian), 10³ pfu footpad	Increased ZIKV replication in the placenta and fetus	Jagger et al. 2017
Irf3 / Irf5 / Irf7	Transcriptional regulators of IFN stimulated genes	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Irf3-Irf5-Irf7 triple KO (TKO)	ZIKV strain MR766 (African) or PF13 (Asian), 10² ffu sc, 5-6-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to both ZIKV strains, 100% morbidity and lethality.	Lazear et al. 2016
Isg15	Ubiquitin-like protein activated by type I IFNs	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Isg15 KO	ZIKV strain PRVABC59 (Asian), 10⁴ pfu intravitreally in the right eye, 4-6-wk-old male and female mice	Severe chorioretinitis associated with increased retinal cell death and higher ZIKV RNA and protein levels.	Singh et al. 2017
Rag1	Protein involved in activation of immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination during B and T cell development	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Rag1 KO (deficient in B and T lymphocytes) treated with anti-IFNAR mAb	Mouse-adapted ZIKV strain Dakar 41519 (African), 10⁶ ffu sc, 7-wk-old male mice ZIKV strain Paraiba (Asian), 10⁴ pfu ip, 8-10-wk-old male mice	ZIKV replication is observed in male reproductive organs. Enhanced morbidity with signs of severe disease. Viral replication is observed at high level in the brain and testes.	Govero et al. 2016 Winkler et al. 2017
Stat1	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	ZIKV	129Sv/Ev WT and Stat1KO (unspecified genetic background)	ZIKV strain MR766 (African), 10⁴ pfu sc, 7-8-wk-old male mice	Highly susceptible, 100% morbidity and lethality. High viral load in the blood and in the brain.	Kamiyama et al. 2017
Stat2	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN subtypes	ZIKV	C57BL/6J WT and Stat2 KO	ZIKV strain MR766 (African), 10³ ffu sc, 5-6-wk-old female mice	Highly susceptible, 100% morbidity with neurological symptoms and 100% lethality. High viral loads in the CNS, gonads, spleen and liver.	Tripathi et al. 2017

Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) interferons	YFV	129 and Ifnar1 KO	YFV Asibi and Angola wildtype strains, 10⁴ pfu footpad and YFV 17D-204 vaccine strain, 10⁶ pfu footpad, 3-4wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to viscerotropic YFV strain but subclinical infection with 17D vaccine strain.	Meier et al. 2009
Ifnar1	Receptor of type I (α and β) interferons	YFV	C57BL/6J and Ifnar1 KO	YFV 17D vaccine strain, 10⁴ pfu ip, 3-4wk-old mice	Viscerotropic disease with mortality by ip but not by im, footpad or sc routes.	Erickson and Pfeiffer 2015
Ifngr1	Receptor of type III (γ) interferon	YFV	129 and Ifngr1 KO	YFV Asibi and Angola wildtype strains, 10⁴ pfu footpad and YFV 17D-204 vaccine strain, 10⁶ pfu footpad, 3-4wk-old mice	Resistant to YFV wildtype and 17D vaccine strains.	Meier et al. 2009
Ifnar1 / Ifngr1	Receptors of type I (α and β) and type II (γ) interferons	YFV	129 and Ifnar1-Ifngr1 double KO	17D-204 vaccine strain, 10⁶pfu footpad, 3-4wk-old 17D-204 vaccine strain, 2.105 pfu ip, 7-8-wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to 17D-204 vaccine strain. Highly susceptible to 17D-204 vaccine strain, with neurotropic and viscerotropic infection (high viral titers in brain and liver).	Meier et al. 2009 Thibodeaux et al. 2012
Ifnlr1	Receptor of type III (λ) interferon	YFV	C57BL/6J WT and Ifnlr1 KO	17D vaccine strain, 10^6-7 pfu iv, 2-6mo-old	KO resistant to vaccinal strain 17D like Ifnar1/2mice, but mice with double Ifnar1/2 and Inflr1KO highly susceptible.	Douam et al. 2017
Stat1	Promotes transcription of ISG and IFN-αsubtypes	YFV	129 and Stat1 KO	YFV Asibi and Angola wildtype strains, 10⁴ pfu footpad and YFV 17D-204 vaccine strain, 10⁶ pfu footpad, 3-4wk-old mice	Highly susceptible to viscerotropic YFV strain but subclinical infection with 17D vaccine strain.	Meier et al. 2009

Tnfrsf9	Aka CD137, T cell costimulatory molecule	JEV	C57BL/6 WT and Tnfrsf9 KO	JEV Beijing-1 strain, 1.5-3.10⁵ pfu ip, 4-5wk-old mice	Reduced mortality rate and reduced viral burden in extraneural tissues and the CNS.	Kim et al. 2015