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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Biling (Camb Engl). 2023 Jan 20;26(4):835–844. doi: 10.1017/S136672892200092X

Table 1. Fixation latency and count measures to each area on face pop-out slides by group.

Area of Interest Monolingual (n = 32) Bilingual (n = 26)
Latency Count Latency Count
M (SD) Range M (SD) Range M (SD) Range M (SD) Range
Face 1.32 (0.69) 0.53 – 3.17 2.99 (0.85) 1.25 — 4.50 1.00 (0.54) 0.43 — 2.68 3.11 (0.86) 1.00 — 4.86
Noisy Face 2.23 (0.70) 1.17 — 4.05 1.88 (0.60) 0.67 — 3.25 2.50 (0.86) 1.15 — 4.17 1.91 (0.60) 0.62 — 2.88
Bird 2.63 (1.17) 0.50 — 4.84 1.99 (0.94) 0.62 — 4.25 2.37 (1.04) 1.02 — 5.02 2.07 (0.97) 0.00 — 4.12
Car 2.17 (1.01) 0.85 — 5.33 2.37 (0.95) 0.88 — 5.75 3.39 (1.29) 0.84 — 6.40 1.75 (1.02) 0.50 — 4.29
Phone 2.63 (1.17) 0.50 — 4.84 1.99 (0.94) 0.62 — 4.25 2.37 (1.04) 1.02 — 5.02 2.07 (0.97) 0.00 — 4.12

Note. Latency is calculated as the time between onset of the face pop-out slide and toddlers’ first fixation to the area of interest. Latency units are seconds. Count is calculated as the number of fixations to the area of interest. Both measures were averaged within-participant across trials to standardise for number of trials completed.