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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 11.
Published in final edited form as: Sustainability. 2021 Jul 9;13(14):7699. doi: 10.3390/su13147699

Table 5. Demographic characteristics of smallholder farmers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa.

Variable Mean Standard Deviation (SD)
Gender of household head 1.27 0.45
Household age 49.12 11.89
Marital status 4.21 2.44
Household size 4.93 2.71
Educational level of household 33.58 40.30
Ownership of livestock 1.77 0.42
Distance to the market 1.86 1.82
Access to market information 1.94 0.24
Access to agricultural assistance 1.92 0.27
Family member with HIV 0.47 0.79
Family member worked on farm 0.98 0.76
Social grant 1.99 0.73
Irrigation type 1.52 0.50
Total output of crops (kg) 3556.22 88,187.067

Source: Authors’ own analysis.