Table 1. Summary of steps to calculate each adjusted intervention effect measure.

	Risk difference	Risk ratio	Incidencerate difference	Incidencerate ratio	Mean difference
Outcome type	Binary	Binary	Event per person-time	Event per person-time	Continuous outcome
Interpretation of clustersummary measure sij	Risk	Risk	Rate	Rate	Mean
Unadjusted effect estimate	${\overline{s}}_1-{\overline{s}}_0$	${\overline{s}}_{G1}-{\overline{s}}_{G0}$	${\overline{s}}_1-{\overline{s}}_0$	${\overline{s}}_{G1}-{\overline{s}}_{G0}$	${\overline{s}}_1-{\overline{s}}_0$
Stage one: regression of individual outcomes on covariates	Logistic regression	Logistic regression	Poisson regression	Poisson regression	Linear regression
Predicted outcome μijk	Probability of individual having the outcome	Probability of individual having the outcome	Expected number of events in individual’s follow-up time	Expected number of events in individual’s follow-up time	Estimated mean outcome
Residual	Difference residual	Ratio residual	Difference residual	Ratio residual	Difference residual
Stage two: regression of residuals on arm	Linear regression of difference residual	Linear regression of logarithm of ratio residual	Linear regression of difference residual	Linear regression of logarithm of ratio residual	Linear regression of difference residual