Figure 5.

Upper panel: An overview workflow of common approaches to prepare brain parcellation images in individual space. Following pre-processing of structural image data (usually T1-weighted images), individual’s brain parcellations can be obtained via: (a) applying brain cortical reconstruction and parcellation techniques (right branch), or (b) warping the brain atlas typically defined in standard space into individual space (left branch). The general procedure of the latter includes computing image transformations (denoted as T) by registering an individual’s anatomical images to those provided in the template space, and then pull the atlas from the template space to individual space via inverse transformation (denoted as T’). Bottom panel: Examples of brain parcellations transformed from a template/standard space into an individual’s space (left, e.g., automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas⁶²), or generated directly in the individual’s space via brain parcellation techniques (right, e.g., FreeSurfer parcellation⁶⁸; Desikan–Killiany atlas⁴⁸). Brain parcellations are overlaid on the structural T1-weighted images.