Table 1. Baseline participant characteristics by age at diagnosis of diabetes.
| Overall | Age at diagnosis of diabetes* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERFC (1017695 participants, 96 cohorts) | N | Mean (SD) or n (%) | No Diabetes | 30 to <40 yrs | 40 to <50 yrs | 50 to <60 yrs | 60 to <70yrs | ≥70 yrs |
| No. of participants (Row %) | 1017695 | 1017695 (100.0%) | 948775 (93.2%) | 3253 (0.3%) | 8763 (0.9%) | 18605 (1.8%) | 21527 (2.1%) | 16772 (1.6%) |
| Prevalent diabetes, No. (Col %) | 1017695 | 23335 (2%) | - | 2835 (87%) | 5602 (64%) | 7047 (38%) | 5632 (26%) | 2219 (13%) |
| Incident diabetes, No. (Col %) | 1017695 | 45585 (4%) | - | 418 (13%) | 3161 (36%) | 11558 (62%) | 15895 (74%) | 14553 (87%) |
| Age at baseline, mean (SD), yrs | 1017695 | 54.6 (9.7) | 54.4 (9.8) | 49.4 (8.0) | 51.0 (7.4) | 55.5 (6.8) | 60.6 (6.0) | 67.6 (4.9) |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 1017695 | 463920 (46%) | 436576 (46%) | 1187 (36%) | 4150 (47%) | 8246 (44%) | 7796 (36%) | 5965 (36%) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 1017695 | 553775 (54%) | 512199 (54%) | 2066 (64%) | 4613 (53%) | 10359 (56%) | 13731 (64%) | 10807 (64%) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 945856 | 267678 (28%) | 252507 (29%) | 914 (29%) | 2583 (31%) | 4763 (27%) | 4422 (21%) | 2489 (15%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 753256 | 135 (19) | 134 (19) | 135 (19) | 138 (19) | 142 (19) | 143 (19) | 146 (20) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 890293 | 26.0 (4.3) | 25.8 (4.1) | 27.9 (6.0) | 28.6 (5.7) | 28.9 (5.5) | 28.5 (5.2) | 27.8 (4.7) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 594679 | 5.80 (1.11) | 5.79 (1.11) | 5.55 (1.15) | 5.69 (1.15) | 5.86 (1.12) | 5.87 (1.14) | 5.93 (1.15) |
| Random glucose, mean (SD), mmol/l | 398521 | 5.39 (1.23) | 5.25 (0.87) | 8.20 (4.04) | 7.98 (3.58) | 7.51 (2.96) | 6.94 (2.57) | 6.42 (2.31) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mmol/l | 196159 | 5.30 (1.09) | 5.15 (0.64) | 7.88 (3.77) | 7.27 (3.38) | 6.94 (2.66) | 6.48 (2.03) | 5.93 (1.33) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 96802 | 5.42 (0.79) | 5.25 (0.48) | 7.37 (1.89) | 7.14 (1.79) | 6.71 (1.59) | 6.30 (1.22) | 6.07 (0.95) |
| History of CVD, No. (%) | 1017695 | 73091 (7%) | 63734 (7%) | 422 (13%) | 1097 (13%) | 2256 (12%) | 2820 (13%) | 2762 (16%) |
| Medication usage, No. (%)$ | 614036 | 84056 (14%) | 66186 (12%) | 1060 (53%) | 2610 (47%) | 4777 (41%) | 5261 (38%) | 4162 (33%) |
| Vocational/University education level, No. (%) | 389924 | 99850 (26%) | 94710 (26%) | 313 (23%) | 775 (23%) | 1578 (23%) | 1583 (21%) | 891 (16%) |
| Non-white ethnic group, No. (%) | 534131 | 71348 (13%) | 61154 (12%) | 617 (35%) | 1781 (33%) | 3378 (30%) | 2817 (22%) | 1601 (15%) |
| UK Biobank (498023 participants) | N | Mean (SD) or n (%) | No Diabetes | 30 to <40 yrs | 40 to <50 yrs | 50 to <60 yrs | 60 to <70yrs | ≥70 yrs |
| No. of participants (Row %) | 498023 | 498023 (100.0%) | 471223 (94.6%) | 1550 (0.3%) | 5859 (1.2%) | 11041 (2.2%) | 7406 (1.5%) | 944 (0.2%) |
| Prevalent diabetes, No. (Col %) | 498023 | 24981 (5%) | - | 1550 (100%) | 5810 (99%) | 10798 (98%) | 6818 (92%) | 5 (1%) |
| Incident diabetes, No. (Col %) | 498023 | 1819 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 49 (1%) | 243 (2%) | 588 (8%) | 939 (99%) |
| Age at baseline, mean (SD), yrs | 498023 | 57.0 (8.1) | 56.8 (8.1) | 52.8 (8.5) | 54.0 (7.1) | 60.8 (4.9) | 65.4 (4.3) | 62.0 (5.3) |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 498023 | 226676 (46%) | 210224 (45%) | 882 (57%) | 3560 (61%) | 6889 (62%) | 4508 (61%) | 613 (65%) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 498023 | 271347 (54%) | 260999 (55%) | 668 (43%) | 2299 (39%) | 4152 (38%) | 2898 (39%) | 331 (35%) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 497789 | 52494 (11%) | 49497 (11%) | 243 (16%) | 815 (14%) | 1193 (11%) | 665 (9%) | 81 (9%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 497112 | 138 (19) | 137 (19) | 137 (17) | 138 (17) | 141 (17) | 144 (17) | 145 (18) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 495426 | 27.5 (4.8) | 27.2 (4.6) | 31.3 (7.0) | 32.1 (6.5) | 31.7 (5.7) | 30.8 (5.2) | 30.3 (4.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 465833 | 5.70 (1.14) | 5.76 (1.11) | 4.53 (1.10) | 4.53 (1.09) | 4.52 (1.05) | 4.63 (1.09) | 5.60 (1.16) |
| Random glucose, mean (SD), mmol/l | 426110 | 5.10 (1.19) | 4.97 (0.78) | 8.93 (4.54) | 7.92 (3.85) | 7.35 (3.07) | 6.67 (2.53) | 5.66 (1.75) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mmol/l | 17712 | 5.15 (1.12) | 5.04 (0.70) | 7.42 (4.23) | 7.38 (3.59) | 7.00 (2.99) | 6.23 (2.28) | 5.29 (0.81) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 462791 | 4.88 (0.89) | 4.76 (0.61) | 8.20 (2.27) | 7.37 (2.20) | 6.98 (1.76) | 6.53 (1.53) | 5.66 (1.20) |
| History of CVD, No. (%) | 498023 | 69693 (14%) | 62346 (13%) | 363 (23%) | 1316 (22%) | 3122 (28%) | 2344 (32%) | 202 (21%) |
| Medication usage, No. (%)$ | 490758 | 135849 (28%) | 113681 (24%) | 1364 (90%) | 4707 (82%) | 9453 (87%) | 6173 (85%) | 471 (51%) |
| Vocational/University education level, No. (%) | 494242 | 298113 (60%) | 284262 (61 %) | 875 (58%) | 3237 (57%) | 5811 (54%) | 3362 (46%) | 566 (60%) |
| Non-white ethnic group, No. (%) | 496231 | 26390 (5%) | 23052 (5%) | 363 (24%) | 1167 (20%) | 1234 (11%) | 522 (7%) | 52 (6%) |
*
Includes people with a history of diabetes at the baseline survey and people with incident diabetes.
$
Includes use of lipid-lowering, anti-hypertensive, or anti-diabetic medication at baseline.
Differences in characteristics across categories of age at diagnosis of diabetes were all statistically significant (p < 0.001 adjusted for age and sex) based on Wald tests.