Table 1. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to age at diagnosis of diabetes with adjustment for conventional risk factors.*.
| HR (95% CI) adjusted for... | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events | Age and sex | Age, sex, and smoking | Age, sex, smoking, and other risk factors** | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| No Diabetes | 153068 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 30 to <40 yrs | 676 | 2.69 (2.43, 2.97) | 2.74 (2.49, 3.02) | 2.64 (2.41,2.90) |
| 40 to <50 yrs | 2070 | 2.26 (2.08, 2.45) | 2.33 (2.14, 2.53) | 2.24 (2.06, 2.43) |
| 50 to <60 yrs | 4197 | 1.84 (1.72, 1.97) | 1.87 (1.75, 1.99) | 1.79 (1.69, 1.90) |
| 60 to <70 yrs | 4125 | 1.57 (1.47, 1.67) | 1.60 (1.51,1.70) | 1.55 (1.46, 1.64) |
| ≥70 yrs | 3026 | 1.39 (1.29, 1.51) | 1.43 (1.33, 1.55) | 1.41 (1.31,1.53) |
| Per decade earlier | 167162 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.19) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) |
| P-value*** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| I2 (95% CI) | 67 (59, 74) | 68 (60, 74) | 67 (60, 74) | |
| CVD mortality | ||||
| No Diabetes | 53857 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 30 to <40 yrs | 278 | 4.20 (3.57, 4.94) | 4.26 (3.65, 4.99) | 3.93 (3.41,4.53) |
| 40 to <50 yrs | 821 | 3.19 (2.80, 3.64) | 3.31 (2.90, 3.76) | 2.93 (2.60, 3.30) |
| 50 to <60 yrs | 1564 | 2.31 (2.10, 2.53) | 2.36 (2.16, 2.58) | 2.10 (1.94, 2.27) |
| 60 to <70 yrs | 1580 | 1.95 (1.78, 2.14) | 1.98 (1.82, 2.17) | 1.81 (1.67, 1.97) |
| ≥70 yrs | 1251 | 1.50 (1.35, 1.67) | 1.54 (1.38, 1.71) | 1.48 (1.33, 1.65) |
| Per decade earlier | 59351 | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.28) |
| P-value*** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| I2 (95% CI) | 58 (47, 67) | 59 (48, 67) | 59 (48, 67) | |
| Cancer mortality | ||||
| No Diabetes | 53217 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 30 to <40 yrs | 124 | 1.55 (1.30, 1.85) | 1.56 (1.31,1.86) | 1.48 (1.24, 1.76) |
| 40 to <50 yrs | 433 | 1.28 (1.16, 1.42) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.45) | 1.25 (1.13, 1.37) |
| 50 to <60 yrs | 1211 | 1.33 (1.22, 1.46) | 1.37 (1.25, 1.49) | 1.35 (1.26, 1.44) |
| 60 to <70 yrs | 1178 | 1.27 (1.17, 1.38) | 1.29 (1.19, 1.40) | 1.28 (1.19, 1.37) |
| ≥70 yrs | 593 | 1.29 (1.18, 1.42) | 1.32 (1.20, 1.44) | 1.31 (1.20, 1.42) |
| Per decade earlier | 56756 | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.02) |
| P-value*** | 0.176 | 0.160 | 0.128 | |
| I2 (95% CI) | 26 (2, 44) | 24 (0, 43) | 24 (0, 43) | |
| Non-CVD, non-cancer mortality | ||||
| No Diabetes | 35986 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 30 to <40 yrs | 250 | 3.99 (3.50, 4.55) | 4.04 (3.54, 4.60) | 3.90 (3.42, 4.45) |
| 40 to <50 yrs | 701 | 3.24 (2.88, 3.64) | 3.34 (2.96, 3.76) | 3.31 (2.95, 3.71) |
| 50 to <60 yrs | 1224 | 2.31 (2.09, 2.54) | 2.37 (2.15, 2.60) | 2.38 (2.16, 2.64) |
| 60 to <70 yrs | 1137 | 1.84 (1.67, 2.02) | 1.87 (1.70, 2.05) | 1.88 (1.71,2.06) |
| ≥70 yrs | 861 | 1.66 (1.48, 1.87) | 1.71 (1.52, 1.93) | 1.76 (1.56, 1.98) |
| Per decade earlier | 40159 | 1.18 (1.10, 1.27) | 1.18 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) |
| P-value*** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| I2 (95% CI) | 50 (35, 61) | 51 (36, 62) | 50 (36, 62) | |
*
Analyses based on ERFC and UK Biobank, including 92 cohorts and 1,132,277 participants with complete information on age at diagnosis of diabetes, age, sex, smoking and other risk factors.
**
Other risk factors were body mass index, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol.
***
P-value for log-linear analyses per decade earlier.