. 2023 Oct;223(4):472–477. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2023.90

Table 1.

Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and individual mid-life cardiovascular risk factors: descriptive details and comparisons with non-ADHD group

Outcome	Exposure	Mean (s.d., n)	F (degrees of freedom)	Mean 95% CI		P	Effect size, d
Outcome	Exposure	Mean (s.d., n)	F (degrees of freedom)	Upper	Lower	P	Effect size, d
Mid-life BMI, kg/m²	ADHD	28.3 (5.7), 234	7.8 (1,7871)	27.5	29.0	0.005	0.20
Mid-life BMI, kg/m²	Non-ADHD	27.3 (5.0), 7639	7.8 (1,7871)	27.2	27.5	0.005
SBP, mmHg	ADHD	129.9 (17.4), 233	10.3 (1,7892)	127.7	132.2	0.001	0.21
SBP, mmHg	Non-ADHD	126.4 (16.3), 7661	10.3 (1,7892)	126.1	126.8	0.001
DBP, mmHg	ADHD	80.9 (10.7), 233	9.7 (1,7892)	79.5	82.3	0.002	0.21
DBP, mmHg	Non-ADHD	78.7 (10.7), 7661	9.7 (1,7892)	78.4	78.9	0.002
LDL, mmol/L	ADHD	3.5 (0.97), 184	0.45 (1,6329)	3.33	3.61	0.504	0.11
LDL, mmol/L	Non-ADHD	3.4 (0.91), 6147	0.45 (1,6329)	3.40	3.45	0.504
Triglycerides, mmol/L	ADHD	2.27 (1.89), 202	4.7 (1,6675)	2.02	2.54	0.029	0.16
Triglycerides, mmol/L	Non-ADHD	2.03 (1.53), 6475	4.7 (1,6675)	2.00	2.07	0.029
Outcome		n (%) yes	χ² (d.f.)				OR (95% CI)
Current smoker	ADHD	232 (38.4%)	12.0 (1)	–	–	0.001	1.60 (1.22–2.1)
Current smoker	Non-ADHD	7519 (28%)

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.