Table 3. Summary of statistical analysis (two-way ANCOVA with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons) for all CANTAB behavioral tasks and all pair-wise comparisons between groups (control, mild OSA, and severe OSA).

Pairwise comparisons	Predicted (LS) mean diff.	95% CI of diff.		Below threshold	Summary	Adjusted P-value	Effect size
		Lower	Upper
ASTLSWMD
Control vs. mild	−194.32	−345.94	−42.71	Yes	**	0.0090	−1.521
Control vs. severe	−224.73	−400.66	−48.80	Yes	**	0.0090	−1.698
Mild vs. severe	−30.41	−161.65	100.83	No	ns	1.0000	−0.230
ASTLCMD
Control vs. mild	76.07	−39.03	191.17	No	ns	0.3070	0.784
Control vs. severe	182.28	48.71	315.84	Yes	**	0.0050	1.815
Mild vs. severe	182.28	6.57	205.84	Yes	*	0.0340	1.058
ERTOMDRT
Control vs. mild	540.99	−72.07	1,154.05	No	ns	0.0970	1.047
Control vs. severe	806.60	95.22	1,517.98	Yes	*	0.0220	1.508
Mild vs. severe	265.61	−265.06	796.29	No	ns	0.6320	0.497
ERTTH
Control vs. mild	−8.57	−21.01	3.87	No	ns	0.2680	−0.830
Control vs. severe	−15.96	−30.40	−1.53	Yes	*	0.0270	−1.470
Mild vs. severe	−7.39	−18.16	3.38	No	ns	0.2710	−0.681
PALTEA
Control vs. mild	0.13	−13.12	13.39	No	ns	1.0000	0.012
Control vs. severe	5.52	−9.86	20.90	No	ns	1.0000	0.477
Mild vs. severe	5.39	−6.09	16.86	No	ns	0.7190	0.466
PALFAMS
Control vs. mild	0.64	−4.03	5.32	No	ns	1.0000	0.163
Control vs. severe	−1.90	−7.33	3.53	No	ns	1.0000	−0.465
Mild vs. severe	−2.54	−6.59	1.51	No	ns	0.3590	−0.623
PRMPCI
Control vs. mild	7.80	−2.08	17.67	No	ns	0.1610	0.937
Control vs. severe	3.19	−8.26	14.65	No	ns	0.5380	0.371
Mild vs. severe	−4.60	−13.15	3.95	No	ns	0.5380	−0.534
PRMPCD
Control vs. mild	−10.22	−27.74	7.30	No	ns	0.4410	−0.692
Control vs. severe	−9.88	−30.21	10.44	No	ns	0.6710	−0.647
Mild vs. severe	0.33	−14.83	15.50	No	ns	1.0000	0.022
RTIFMDRT
Control vs. mild	6.64	−33.59	46.87	No	ns	1.0000	0.196
Control vs. severe	42.25	−4.44	88.94	No	ns	0.0860	1.203
Mild vs. severe	35.61	0.78	70.44	Yes	*	0.0440	1.015
RTIFMMT
Control vs. mild	26.05	−16.22	68.32	No	ns	0.3790	0.732
Control vs. severe	69.31	20.26	118.36	Yes	**	0.0040	1.879
Mild vs. severe	43.26	6.67	79.85	Yes	*	0.0170	1.173
SWMBE
Control vs. mild	4.76	−9.68	19.20	No	ns	1.0000	1.443
Control vs. severe	9.23	−7.52	25.99	No	ns	1.0000	2.703
Mild vs. severe	4.47	−8.02	16.97	No	ns	1.0000	1.311
SWMS
Control vs. mild	1.13	−2.79	5.04	No	ns	1.0000	0.797
Control vs. severe	0.08	−4.46	4.63	No	ns	1.0000	0.058
Mild vs. severe	−1.04	−4.43	2.35	No	ns	1.0000	−0.711
SSPFSL
Control vs. mild	−1.10	−2.78	0.58	No	ns	0.3140	−0.726
Control vs. severe	−1.79	−3.74	0.16	No	ns	0.0790	−1.140
Mild vs. severe	−0.69	−2.14	0.76	No	ns	0.7030	−0.439
SSPRSL
Control vs. mild	−0.66	−2.46	1.14	No	ns	1.0000	−0.227
Control vs. severe	−1.47	−3.56	0.61	No	ns	0.2460	−0.490
Mild vs. severe	−0.82	−2.37	0.74	No	ns	0.5740	−0.271
OTSPSFC
Control vs. mild	−1.82	−5.27	1.63	No	ns	0.5660	−0.559
Control vs. severe	−2.05	−6.05	1.96	No	ns	0.6050	−0.615
Mild vs. severe	−0.23	−3.22	2.76	No	ns	1.0000	−0.125
DMSPC
Control vs. mild	−0.52	−8.72	7.69	No	ns	1.0000	−0.075
Control vs. severe	2.31	−7.22	11.83	No	ns	1.0000	0.322
Mild vs. severe	2.82	−4.28	9.93	No	ns	0.9530	0.395
DMSMDLAD
Control vs. mild	1,646.16	602.20	2,690.12	Yes	***	0.0009	1.872
Control vs. severe	2,368.74	1,157.36	3,580.13	Yes	***	0.0008	2.600
Mild vs. severe	722.59	−181.08	1,626.25	No	ns	0.1520	0.793
DMSPEGE
Control vs. mild	0.00	−0.19	0.20	No	ns	1.0000	0.061
Control vs. severe	−0.05	−0.27	0.18	No	ns	1.0000	−2.809
Mild vs. severe	−0.05	−0.22	0.12	No	ns	1.0000	−2.869
RVPA
Control vs. mild	−0.02	−0.09	0.06	No	ns	1.0000	−0.260
Control vs. severe	−0.05	−0.14	0.04	No	ns	0.5920	−0.693
Mild vs. severe	−0.03	−0.10	0.04	No	ns	0.7830	−0.442
RVPMDL
Control vs. mild	162.88	−50.81	376.56	No	ns	0.1850	0.905
Control vs. severe	236.00	−11.96	483.96	No	ns	0.0660	1.265
Mild vs. severe	73.12	−111.85	258.10	No	ns	0.9600	0.392
SSTSSRT
Control vs. mild	17.46	−28.09	63.01	No	ns	1.0000	0.455
Control vs. severe	38.83	−14.03	91.69	No	ns	0.2130	0.977
Mild vs. severe	21.37	−18.06	60.80	No	ns	0.5300	0.538

^*P < 0.05.

^**P < 0.01.

^***P < 0.001.

All values are evaluated at the following values: Age = 41.59 years, BMI = 26.78 kg/m².

CANTAB tests (23 tests in 11 modalities) for controls, mild OSA and severe OSA. RTIFDMRT, Median duration between stimulus onset and release of button; RTIFMMT, Mean time taken to touch stimulus after button release; SWMBE, Between errors—number of times that a box in which a token has been previously found is revisited; SWMS, Number of distinct boxes used for the subject to begin new search for a token; PRMPCI, Number of correct responses made in immediate condition; PRMPCD, Number of correct responses made in delayed condition; ERTOMDRT, Median latency of response from stimulus onset to subject response; ERTTH, Number of correctly answered responses; ASTSWMD, Median latency of response in rule switching trials; ASTLCMD, Median latency of response on congruent trials; SSPFSL, Longest sequence successfully recalled—forward variant; SSPRSL, Longest sequence successfully recalled—reversed variant; PALTEA, Number of times incorrect box is chosen + adjusted estimated number of errors that would have been made on any problems, attempts, and recalls that were not reached; PALFAMS, Number of correct box choices made on first attempt; DMSPC, Percentage of assessment trials during which subject selected the correct box on their first box choice; DMSMDLAD, Median latency from the available choices being displayed to the subject choosing the correct choice; DMSPEGE, Reports the probability of an error occurring when the previous trial was responded incorrectly; RVPMDL, Median response latency during assessment sequence blocks where the subject responded correctly; RVPA, Measure of how good the subject is at detecting target sequences; SSTSSRT, Length of time between the go stimulus and the stop stimulus at which the subject is able to successfully inhibit their response on 50% of the trials; OTSPSFC, Number of assessment problems on which the first box choice made was correct; ns, non significant.