Table 2.
Results of the statistical evaluation of the botanical and the medicinal comparative analyses. The 50 plant names in John's Commentary (JC) and the associated 61 plants in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (DMM) are listed with their respective candidate plants (CP) classified according to the results of the statistical evaluation of the botanical analysis (“Strong”, “Moderate”, “Weak candidate”, or “Not contained in FT or FC”). The results of the statistical evaluation of the medicinal analysis are indicated in parenthesis for each CP (3 – “Strong”, 2 – “Moderate”, 1 – “Weak candidate”, 0 – No comparison with the JC plant uses was possible, because no uses were reported for the respective CP).
| Lemma tag | JC plant name | DMM plant name | # Candidate plants (CPs) | Strong candidate | Moderate candidate | Weak candidate | Not contained in FT or FC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JCLP_003 | ἀγριοσταφίδα | σταφίς ἀγρία | 1 | Delphinium staphisagria L. (1) | |||
| JCLP_004 | ἀδίαντον | ἀδίαντον | 1 | Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_008 | ἀκάνθη ἄσπρη | ἄκανθα λευκή | 4 |
Onopordum bracteatum Boiss. & Heldr. (1) Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. (1) |
Echinops graecus Mill. (0) Cirsium ferox (L.) DC. (0) |
||
| JCLP_012 | ἀλόη | ἀλόη | 2 | Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (2) | Aloe perfoliata L. (2) | ||
| JCLP_013 | ἄλυσσος | ἄλλυσσον | 3 | Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. (0) | Odontarrhena alpestris (L.) Ledeb. (0) | Scutellaria galericulata L. (1) | |
| JCLP_078 | ἀμάραντον | ἀμάραντον, ἐλίχρυσον | 8 |
Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman (1) Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don (1) Helichrysum orientale (L.) Gaertn. (0) |
Petrosedum ochroleucum (Chaix) Niederle (0) Sedum eriocarpum Sm. (0) |
Teucrium polium L. (3) |
Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (1) Tanacetum annuum L. (0) |
| JCLP_016 | ἄμπελος | ἄμπελος ἄγρια | 3 |
Clematis vitalba L. (1) Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin (3) Vitis vinifera L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_022 | ἀριστολοχεία | ἀριστολοχεία: μακρά, ἄρρην | 3 | Aristolochia parvifolia Sm. (3) | Aristolochia sempervirens L. (3) | Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. (0) | |
| JCLP_022 | ἀριστολοχεία | ἀριστολοχεία: στρογγύλη, θήλεια | 3 |
Aristolochia pallida Willd. (0) Aristolochia rotunda L. (3) |
Aristolochia sempervirens L. (3) | ||
| JCLP_023 | ἀρνόγλωσσον | ἀρνόγλωσσον: μεῖζον | 3 | Plantago major L. (3) | Plantago media L. (3) | Plantago asiatica L. (3) | |
| JCLP_023 | ἀρνόγλωσσον | ἀρνόγλωσσον: μικρόν | 3 |
Plantago lagopus L. (3) Plantago lanceolata L. (3) Plantago maritima L. (1) |
|||
| JCLP_025 | ἄσαρ | ἄσαρον | 1 | Asarum europaeum L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_027 | ἀσφόδελος | ἀσφόδελος | 3 |
Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (2) Asphodelus fistulosus L. (1) Asphodelus ramosus L. (1) |
|||
| JCLP_035 | βετονίκη | βεττονίκη, in κέστρον | 2 | Sideritis cretica L. (0) | Betonica alopecuros L. (0) | ||
| JCLP_037 | βρυωνία | ἄμπελος μέλαινα, βρυωνία | 3 |
Bryonia alba L. (3) Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin (3) |
Bryonia cretica L. (3) | ||
| JCLP_039 | γεντιανή | γεντιανή | 1 | Gentiana lutea L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_043 | γλυκόριζον | γλυκύρριζα | 2 |
Glycyrrhiza echinata L. (3) Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_048 | δαυκίν | δαῦκος: Κρητικός | 1 | Athamanta cretensis L. (0) | |||
| JCLP_048 | δαυκίν | σταφυλίνος: ἄγριος | 3 | Daucus carota L. (3) | Pastinaca lucida L. (0) | Daucus guttatus Sm. (0) | |
| JCLP_051 | δρακοντία | δρακοντία: μεγάλη | 5 | Dracunculus vulgaris Schott (2) |
Arum dioscoridis Sm. (3) Arum italicum Mill. (2) |
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. (2) Arum maculatum L. (2) |
|
| JCLP_051 | δρακοντία | δρακοντία: μικρά | 5 |
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. (2) Arum dioscoridis Sm. (3) Arum italicum Mill. (2) |
Arum maculatum L. (2) Dracunculus vulgaris Schott (2) |
||
| JCLP_057 | εὐπατώριος | εὐπατόριος | 1 | Agrimonia eupatoria L. (1) | |||
| JCLP_069 | ἵππουρις | ἵππουρις | 8 |
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (3) Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (3) Ephedra foeminea Forssk. (0) |
Equisetum arvense L. (3) Equisetum sylvaticum L. (1) Equisetum fluviatile L. (0) |
Ephedra major Host (2) | Ephedra fragilis Desf. (2) |
| JCLP_070 | ἶρις | ἶρις | 2 |
Iris × germanica L. (3) Iris florentina L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_076 | κάππαρις | κάππαρις | 1 | Capparis spinosa L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_081 | καυκαλίδα | καυκαλίς | 3 |
Pimpinella saxifraga L. (1) Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Poir. (1) |
Papaver L. (0) | ||
| JCLP_084 | κευταύριον | κενταύριον: λεπτόν | 1 | Centaurium erythraea Rafn (2) | |||
| JCLP_084 | κευταύριον | κενταύριον: μέγα | 1 | Rhaponticoides centaurium (L.) M.V.Agab. & Greuter (0) | |||
| JCLP_095 | κόνυζα | κόνυζα: μείζων | 1 | Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (3) | |||
| JCLP_095 | κόνυζα | κόνυζα: μικρά | 1 | Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (1) | |||
| JCLP_104 | κυκλάμινος | κυκλάμινος | 5 |
Cyclamen graecum Link (0) Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton (0) Cyclamen persicum Mill. (3) |
Cyclamen cyprium Kotschy (3) | Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. (0) | |
| JCLP_149 | κύπερος | κύπερος | 2 |
Cyperus longus L. (1) Cyperus rotundus L. (2) |
|||
| JCLP_107 | κύπρος | κύπρος | 1 | Lawsonia inermis L. (1) | |||
| JCLP_109 | κώνειον | κώνειον | 1 | Conium maculatum L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_113 | λειχήνη | μυρσίνη ἄγρια, λειχήνη | 1 | Ruscus aculeatus L. (1) | |||
| JCLP_122 | μανδραγόρας | μανδραγόρας: ἄρρην, λευκός | 2 |
Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. (3) Mandragora officinarum L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_122 | μανδραγόρας | μανδραγόρας: θήλυς, μέλας | 2 |
Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. (3) Mandragora officinarum L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_126 | μελάνθιον | μελάνθιον | 2 | Nigella sativa L. (3) | Nigella damascena L. (2) | ||
| JCLP_165 | πολυπόδιον | πολυπόδιον | 3 |
Polypodium cambricum L. (3) Polypodium vulgare L. (3) |
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt (0) | ||
| JCLP_241 | πράσιον | πράσιον | 1 | Marrubium vulgare L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_174 | ῥάμνος | ῥάμνος: μέλας | 3 | Rhamnus oleoides L. (1) |
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper (0) Rhamnus lycioides L. (0) |
||
| JCLP_180 | ῥοδάφνη | νέριον, ῥοδοδάφνη | 1 | Nerium oleander L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_242 | ῥούδιν | ῥοῦς | 1 | Rhus coriaria L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_191 | σιδερίτις | σιδερίτις | 8 |
Sideritis montana L. (1) Sideritis perfoliata L. (1) Sideritis romana L. (0) Sideritis sipylea Boiss. (0) |
Sideritis cypria Post (1) Stachys recta L. (0) Ajuga reptans L. (0) |
Sideritis scardica Griseb. (1) | |
| JCLP_196 | σκολοπένδριον | ἄσπληνος, σκολοπένδριον | 1 | Asplenium ceterach L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_198 | σκορπίουρον | ἡλιοτρόπιον τὸ μέγα, σκορπίουρον | 1 | Heliotropium europaeum L. (1) | |||
| JCLP_204 | στρύχνον | στρύχνον κηπαῖον | 3 |
Solanum nigrum L. (3) Solanum villosum Mill. (2) |
Solanum melongena L. (2) | ||
| JCLP_210 | τετράγκαθον | τραγάκανθα | 3 | Astragalus creticus Lam. (0) |
Astragalus sempervirens Lam. (1) Astragalus prusianus Boiss. (0) |
||
| JCLP_214 | τρίβολος | τρίβολος: ἔνυδρος | 1 | Trapa natans L. (0) | |||
| JCLP_215 | τριφύλλι | τρίφυλλον | 1 | Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt. (0) | |||
| JCLP_217 | υοσκύαμος | ὑοσκύαμος: ἄνθη μηλινοειδή | 1 | Hyoscyamus aureus L. (2) | |||
| JCLP_217 | υοσκύαμος | ὑοσκύαμος: ἄνθη ὑποπόρφυρα | 1 | Hyoscyamus niger L. (2) | |||
| JCLP_217 | υοσκύαμος | ὑοσκύαμος: τρίτος, ἄνθη λευκά | 1 | Hyoscyamus albus L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_221 | φλόμος | φλόμος: λευκή, θηλεία | 4 | Verbascum phlomoides L. (3) |
Verbascum sinuatum L. (3) Verbascum thapsus L. (3) |
Verbascum undulatum Lam. (0) | |
| JCLP_225 | χαμαίδαφνη | χαμαιδάφνη | 2 | Ruscus hypophyllum L. (1) | Danae racemosa (L.) Moench (1) | ||
| JCLP_227 | χαμαίμιλον | χαμαίμηλον, in ἀνθεμίς | 2 |
Anthemis chia L. (0) Matricaria chamomilla L. (3) |
|||
| JCLP_228 | χαμαίπιτυς | χαμαίπιτυς: ἑτέρα | 2 | Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. (3) | Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. (1) | ||
| JCLP_228 | χαμαίπιτυς | χαμαίπιτυς: τρίτη | 1 | Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (1) | |||
| JCLP_228 | χαμαίπιτυς | χαμαίπιτυς: χαμαίπιτυς | 2 | Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. (1) | Ajuga reptans L. (3) | ||
| JCLP_231 | χελιδονεα | χελιδόνιον μέγα | 1 | Chelidonium majus L. (3) | |||
| JCLP_235 | ψύλλεον | ψύλλιον | 2 | Plantago afra L. (1) | Plantago indica L. (1) |
Table columns:
Lemma tag: Unique identifier of the lemmatised JC plant name.
JC plant name: Spelling variants of the respective name also mentioned in JC are not shown.
DMM plant name: Name in DMM according to Beck (2005) and Wellmann (1907); Possible “types” of DMM plants are listed on separate lines.
# Candidate plants (CPs): Number of candidate plants (CPs) for each JC/DMM plant; In case of “types” of DMM plants the number refers to CPs for the respective type. Because the same CP can be associated with different JC/DMM plants or “types” of DMM plants, their sum (141) is greater the number of unique CPs (130).
Strong candidate: Candidate plant with a total score of ≥5 in the botanical analysis.
Moderate candidate: Candidate plant with a total score of 3–4 in the botanical analysis.
Weak candidate: Candidate plant with a total score of <3 in the botanical analysis.
Not contained in FT or FC: Candidate plant not contained in FT (Davis et al., 1966–85, suppl. 1988 and 2001) or FC (Meikle, 1977, 1985).