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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2018 Aug 3;51:25–47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040219

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(a) A subdomain of a 2D computation of flow in the IVS, from Lecarpentier et al. (2016), showing heterogeneous flow patterns characteristic of strongly disordered media. Colors show flow speed; villi are white inclusions. (b) A ‘stream-tube’ representation of flow parallel to villous branches (white disks), showing relative oxygen concentration; from Serov et al. (2015a) (c) Solute flux over the surface of terminal villi, from a 3D computation by Perazzolo et al. (2017b) (flow is from the bottom right to the top left face of the box; box size 0.78 × 0.78 × 0.25mm). (d) Flow streamlines emerging from a spiral artery at peak systole into the IVS (block size 3 × 2.5 × 2mm; from Roth et al. (2017)). This example mimics FGR, when the spiral artery fails to widen at its mouth, creating a more pronounced jet in the IVS (artery outlet diameter 0.39mm, maximum flow speed (red contours) of 80 cm/s).