Lipid-related metabolites that were significantly associated with the newly affluent southern pattern scores [β coefficient (95%CI)]. Further, these metabolites were all associated with risk of general obesity [OR (95%CI)]. Models were adjusted for age, sex, region, education, household income, occupation, marital status, tea-drinking habit, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, self-rated health, fasting time, and groups of participants in the original case-control study. All analyses relating to one DP were adjusted for others. Black squares represented coefficients or ORs, while gray horizontal lines represented 95%CIs.