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. 2023 Nov 23;2(12):1221–1245. doi: 10.1038/s44161-023-00365-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Analysis of ACQ-derivatised amino acids and of underivatised carnitines in plasma (n = 8 amWT and n = 8 amPA biologically independent samples) (a) and matching cardiac lysates (b). Heat maps show metabolites that are significantly affected by genotype or an interaction between genotype and sex (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, significance for P_adj: less than 0.05). Differentially abundant (P_adj < 0.05 for genotype) carnitines and amino acids in plasma (c) and cardiac lysates (d). Diagonal pattern indicates significant effect of sex (P_adj < 0.05); hatched pattern indicates significant interaction between sex and genotype (P_adj < 0.05). Mean ± s.e.m. e, Analysis of cardiac acyl-CoA by LC–MS. Heat map summarizes abundance (absolute quantity in pmol mg⁻¹ heart tissue) grouped by genotype and sex. Histograms quantify changes, indicating significant (P < 0.05) effect of genotype (GEN) or interaction between sex and genotype (SEX×GEN). n = 8 amWT male hearts, n = 7 amPA male hearts, n = 8 amWT female hearts and n = 8 amPA female hearts, biologically independent samples. Statistical testing by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean ± s.e.m. BH(I)B-CoA, β-hydroxy(iso)butyryl-CoA; MM-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA. */**/*** P < 0.05/<0.01/<0.001 for effect of genotype. ^s/^ss/^sss P < 0.05/<0.01/<0.001 for effect of sex. ^#/^## P < 0.05/<0.01 for effect of interaction between genotype and sex. F, female; M, male.

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