Table 4. Challenges to practice dialysis access-related IN and future directions.

	Challenges in DA-related IN practice in participating countries (n, %)
		Yes	No	Variable
	DA-related IN included in nephrology curriculum (n = 16)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.0%)	4 (19.0%)
	Time constraint (n = 17)	9 (42.8%)	7 (33.3%)	1 (4.76%)
	Lack of backup support (n = 17)	8 (38.0%)	9 (42.8%)	-
	Lack of formal training (n = 17)	12 (57.14%)	4 (19.0%)	1 (4.76%)
	Cost issue17	5 (23.8%)	11 (52.3%)	1 (4.76%)
	Fear of medical legal issues (n = 16)	6 (28.6%)	7 (33.3%)	2 (9.5%)
	Lack of incentive (n = 15)	8 (38.0%)	6 (28.6%)	1 (4.76%)
	Future direction (n, %)
		Yes	No	Variable
	Can the current dialysis unit be developed as a hub    for training DA-related IN? (n = 16)	7 (33.3%)	7 (33.3%)	2 (9.5%)
	What are challenges in developing new training hubs    (n = 6)
	Manpower	2 (9.5%)
	Finance	-
	Both	4 (19%)

Abbreviation: DA, dialysis access.