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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Rev E. 2020 Feb 1;101(2-1):022416. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.101.022416

Fig. 3. Free swimming of Gonium.

Fig. 3

(a) Trajectories of many colonies under nonphototactic illumination, showing random swimming. Each colored line shows the path of one colony (sample size: 27 colonies). (b) Body rotation frequency ν3 as a function of colony radius a (sample size: 159 colonies). (c) Mean velocity vm normalized by the instantaneous swimming velocity v as a function of helix pitch angle χ (sample size: 430 colonies). The black line indicates the relation vm/v = cos χ and green triangles along it are results from the numerical simulations as described in text.