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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Genet Epidemiol. 2024 Feb 20;48(4):151–163. doi: 10.1002/gepi.22551

Figure 3. Estimation bias and inference using robust PC-GMM under varying phenotypic heterogeneity ξ and no overdispersion heterogeneity (κ2 = 0).

Figure 3

The true parameter values were θ1 = −1/3, θ2 = 0, θ3 = 1/3. The nominal size of all tests was 0.05.