Table 3. Examples of existing diagnostics to identify different disease dimensions.

	Disease Dimensions
Tool Application	Macroscopic Pathology	Infectiousness	Symptoms and Signs
Potential for use as or incorporation into a reference standard	Advanced imaging PET/CT CT MRI Histopathology Examination of anatomical samples	BAL culture Induced sputum culture CASS	In-depth symptom interview and clinical exam Objective symptoms evaluation
Potential for operational use	Digital CXR +/- CAD	Spontaneous sputum culture	WHO 4 symptom screen Symptom severity scores Cough (≥ 2 weeks or any duration)
Unclear implications	Blood or urine tests (eg blood transcriptional markers, serum CRP, urine Mtb antigen detection (ie LAM))*	Spontaneous sputum Mtb DNA PCR only Upper respiratory (e.g. mouth) tract swab Bio-aerosol sampling (e.g. face mask sampling)

Ag, antigen; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CRP, C-Reactive Protein; CXR, chest X-ray; CAD, Computer-Aided Diagnosis; CT, computed tomography; LAM, lipoarabinomannan; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; PET/CT, Positron emission tomography/CT; Xpert, GeneXpert MTB/RIF; CASS, Cough Aerosol Sampling System; WHO 4 symptom screen, any one of current cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss.

^*Note, host response related to evident macroscopic pathology could be detected through a validated blood test. This is yet to be determined for existing tests.