Table 2. Participants’ knowledge, attitude and behaviors at pre-test and post-test, n (%).
|
Group 1 Participants creating art (n = 124) |
Group 2 Student audience (n = 264) |
Group 3 Control Group (n = 86) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | ||||
| Knowledge | |||||||||
| 1. Virtually anyone can have poor mental health (Agree) | 101 (81.4) | 99 (79.8) | 197 (74.6) | 198 (75.0) | 57 (66.3) | 50 (58.1) | |||
| 2. People with mental health problems are less dangerous than most people think (Agree) | 84 (67.7) | 88 (70.9) | 175 (66.2) | 181 (68.5) | 57 (66.3) | 40 (46.5) | |||
| 3. Medication can be an effective treatment for people with mental health problems (Agree) | 84 (67.7) | 90 (72.6) | 191 (72.3) | 185 (70.1) | 63 (73.2) | 45 (52.3) | |||
| 4. Identified location of mental health services | 40 (32.3) | 76 (61.3) | 66 (25.0) | 69 (26.1) | 14 (16.3) | 6 (6.9) | |||
| 5. Recognized symptoms of depression as a mental health problem | 109 (87.9) | 101 (81.4) | 184 (69.7) | 180 (68.2) | 56 (65.1) | 40 (46.5) | |||
| Attitude | |||||||||
| 6. People with mental health problems are a burden on society (Disagree) | 95 (76.6) | 97 (78.2) | 192 (72.7) | 212 (80.3) | 59 (68.6) | 51 (59.3) | |||
| 7. It is best to avoid someone who has a mental health problem (Disagree) | 90 (72.6) | 81 (65.3) | 155 (58.7) | 167 (63.2) | 55 (63.9) | 50 (58.1) | |||
| 8. Mental health problems are not real medical illnesses (Disagree) | 38 (30.6) | 45 (36.3) | 108 (40.9) | 66 (25.0) | 19 (22.1) | 23 (26.7) | |||
| 9. Mental health problems are a sign of weakness (lack of self-discipline or will power) (Disagree) |
25 (20.2) | 30 (24.2) | 93 (35.2) | 60 (22.7) | 8 (9.3) | 10 (11.6) | |||
| 10. People can overcome mental health problems (Agree) | 108 (87.1) | 107 (86.3) | 205 (77.6) | 218 (82.6) | 71 (82.5) | 59 (68.6) | |||
| Behavior | |||||||||
| 11. Reported and Intended Behavior Scale, mean (S.D.) | 14.79 | 17.15 | 14.59 | 15.50 | 12.23 | 12.40 | |||
| (3.48) | (3.03) | (3.59) | (3.33) | (3.56) | (4.03) | ||||
| 12. Likely to talk about mental health problems of self or others | 96 (77.4) | 95 (76.6) | 185 (70.1) | 194 (73.5) | 62 (72.1) | 39 (45.3) | |||
| 13. A friend initiated a conversation/s about mental health | 28 (22.6) | 55 (44.3) | 67 (25.4) | 33 (12.5) | 22 (25.6) | 15 (17.4) | |||
| 14. Initiated a conversation/s about mental health (actual behavior) | 26 (21.0) | 38 (30.6) | 36 (13.6) | 8 (3.0) | 10 (11.6) | 12 (13.9) | |||
*
Likert scale from 1 to 4, where 1 = strongly agree, 2 = slightly agree, 3 = slightly disagree, 4 = strongly disagree. Higher percentages and means at post-test indicate improved knowledge, attitude and intended behavior towards people with mental health problems, i.e., lower mental-health-related stigma. Pre- and post-test values in bold indicate significant differences between pairs using McNemar’s exact test except for Reported and Intended Behavior Scale which was assessed using pairwise comparison of means adjusted using Tukey’s method.