Table 4. Rates of infection hospitalization and rate ratios (RR) describing the association between diabetes, diabetes treatment and risk of hospitalization due to any infection during 2012-2018 in the whole population of 3,795,856 people living in Health Region 10 using negative binomial regression.
| Factors | Number | Rates of infection hospitalizations per 1,000 person-year (95% CI) |
Univariate negative binomial model |
Multivariable negative binomial model A† |
Multivariable negative binomial model B‡ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude RR (95% CI) |
p-value | Adjusted RR (95% CI) |
p-value | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Diabetes status | ||||||||
| People without diabetes | 3,631,679 | 7.5 (7.5, 7.5) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| People with diabetes | 164,177 | 49.2 (48.7, 49.8) |
6.23 (6.13, 6.33) |
<0.001 | 4.59 (4.52, 4.66) |
<0.001 | - | - |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||||||
| Reference to no diabetes | Reference to no diabetes | |||||||
| Lifestyle modification alone | 31,060 | 36.9 (36.1,37.7) |
4.75 (4.63, 4.88) |
<0.001 | 3.38 (3.29, 3.47) |
<0.001 | ||
| Both diabetes drugs and lifestyle modification |
133,117 | 56,2 (55.5, 56.9) | 7.06 (6.93, 7.19) |
<0.001 | 5.29 (5.20, 5.39) |
<0.001 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 21 – 40 | 1,465,549 | 4.6 (4.6, 4.6) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 41 – 60 | 1,505,282 | 6.0 (5.9, 6.0) |
1.30 (1.29, 1.32) |
<0.001 | 1.17 (1.15, 1.18) |
<0.001 | 1.17 (1.15, 1.18) |
<0.001 |
| 61 – 80 | 672,204 | 15.0 (14.9, 15.1) |
3.30 (3.26, 3.35) |
<0.001 | 2.46 (2.43, 2.49) |
<0.001 | 2.46 (2.43, 2.49) |
<0.001 |
| ≥ 81 | 140,751 | 21.6 (21.3, 21.9) |
4.74 (4.64, 4.83) |
<0.001 | 3.89 (3.82, 3.97) |
<0.001 | 3.92 (3.84, 3.99) |
<0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1,883,488 | 7.2 (7.1, 7.2) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1,912,368 | 7.9 (7.8, 7.9) |
1.10 (1.09, 1.11) |
<0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) |
<0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) |
<0.001 |
| Province | ||||||||
| Sisaket | 1,229,577 | 6.8 (6.8, 6.9) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ubon Ratchathani | 1,508,327 | 8.4 (8.4, 8.5) |
1.24 (1.22, 1.25) |
<0.001 | 1.27 (1.26, 1.28) |
<0.001 | 1.27 (1.25, 1.28) |
<0.001 |
| Yasothorn | 455,980 | 7.7 (7.6, 7.8) |
1.13 (1.11, 1.15) |
<0.001 | 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) |
<0.001 | 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) |
<0.001 |
| Amnat Charoen | 314,769 | 7.4 (7.3, 7.5) |
1.09 (1.07, 1.11) |
<0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) |
<0.001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) |
<0.001 |
| Mukdahan | 287,203 | 7.5 (7.3, 7.6) |
1.10 (1.07, 1.12) |
<0.001 | 1.13 (1.11, 1.15) |
<0.001 | 1.13 (1.10, 1.15) |
<0.001 |
†
Model A describes RR for diabetes compared with no diabetes adjusted for other factors in the table.
‡
Model B describes RR for diabetes with or without diabetes drugs compared with no diabetes adjusted for other factors in the table.