Table 2. Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on gout.

	Empagliflozin		Placebo		Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
	n/N	Rate per 1000 patient-years	n/N	Rate per 1000 patient-years
First occurrence of gout*	278/3304	45.7	317/3305	52.3	0.87 (0.74-1.02)
All occurrences of gout†	404/3304	62.2	465/3305	71.7	0.86 (0.72-1.03)

All analyses use a time-to-first-event approach. Cox proportional hazards models include adjustment for the covariates used in the minimisation algorithm (categories of age, sex, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and region).

^*Self-reported episode of gout recorded as adverse event (serious or non-serious); previously reported (The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. 2023. NEJM).

^†First and recurrent events analysed using the Andersen-Gill extension of Cox regression. In a post-hoc analysis, excluding participants not already taking uric acid lowering therapy or colchicine at randomisation, empagliflozin resulted in a 19% reduction in the hazards of the composite of a first gout event or initiation of uric acid lowering or colchicine therapy (HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.69-0.96; 261 events in the empagliflozin group versus 314 in the placebo group).