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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 21.
Published in final edited form as: Attach Hum Dev. 2021 May 12;23(4):355–374. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1918448

Table 3. Typification of differences in conceptualisations of “internal working model”.

Internal Working Model
Developmental
Science
Used variously to mean:
  • Expectations about the availability of attachment figures built up on the basis of repeated sequences of procedural interaction.

  • Elaborated symbolic meanings and images built up by humans about attachment figures and their availability.

  • A synonym for attachment representations, as used by Main in the 1980s (but subsequently abandoned).

Social Psychological
Science
The elaborated symbolic and affective representations made by humans about attachment figures and their availability, and the value of the self to these attachment figures.
Psychotherapy Elaborated conscious and unconscious symbolic meanings and images held by humans about attachment figures and their availability, and considered to be malleable through therapy.